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ai with ai: Doggone

/our-media/podcasts/ai-with-ai/season-4/4-30

Andy and Dave discuss the latest in AI news, including a new AI website from the White House at AI.gov, which provides a variety of resources on recent reports, news, key US agencies, and other information. The U.S. Navy destroys a surface vessel using a swarm of drones (in combination with other weapons) for the first time. The NYPD announces the retirement of its Boston Dynamics robot dog (Digidog) due to negative public reaction at its use. The French Defence Ministry releases a report on the Integration of Autonomy into Lethal Weapon Systems. A paper in Digital Medicine examines the use of decision aids in clinical settings. Matt Ginsberg (along with the Berkeley NLP Group) develops Dr. Fill, an algorithm that won this year’s American Crossword Puzzle Tournament, with three total errors. And the University of Glasgow publishes research on using return echoes overtime to render a 3D image of an environment. Researchers use MRI and machine learning to identify brain activation configurations for 12 different cognitive tasks. Facebook AI Research, Inria, and Sorbonne publish research on emerging properties of self-supervised vision transformers, which includes the ability to segment objects with no supervision or segmentation-targeted objectives. Florian Jaton publishes The Constitution of Algorithms: Ground-Truthing, Programming, Formulation, which examines how algorithms come to be. Melanie Mitchell publishes a paper on Why AI Is Harder Than We Think. And UneeQ creates a Digital Einstein for people to interact with.

ai with ai: Mnemosyne That Before

/our-media/podcasts/ai-with-ai/season-4/4-29

Andy and Dave discuss the latest AI news and research, including a blog post from the Federal Trade Commission that businesses can and will be held accountable for the fairness of their algorithms. A bipartisan coalition of U.S. Senators has introduced the “Fourth Amendment Is Not for Sale Act,” which would ban law enforcement and intelligence agencies from buying data on people in the U.S. and about Americans abroad, if that data was obtained from a user’s account or device, through deception, hacking or other violations of privacy policies or terms of service. Bob Work releases his seven Principles for the Combat Employment of Weapon Systems with Autonomous Functionalities; these principles go into much greater detail about employment and provide a useful way to discuss issues surrounding autonomous weapons. The Congressional Research Service provides a short, but dense overview on Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems. The Ozcan Research Group and UCLA publish research that identifies handwritten numbers by using an optical network made from 3D printed wafers that diffract polarized light. Project CETI aims to decode whale language using decades of recorded whale sounds. Researchers from the Centre for Neuroscience and the Indian Institute of Science explore whether the similarities and differences in how deep networks “see” compared to humans, by examining 13 specific perceptual effects, such as mirror confusion. Researchers from Stanford and UCSD examine how children’s drawing and recognition of visual concepts change over time. On a similar topic, other research explores the relationship between episodic memory and generalization, finding that the relationship changes as children develop. The book of the week is an open access paper from Stanford, which examines and provides tools for vector embedding of large sets of data, to include minimizing distortion. Ben Vickers and K. Allado-McDowell publish the Atlas of Anomalous AI, with reference to the Mnemosyne Atlas. Andy and Dave accidentally change the pronunciation of “neh-meh-zeen” and completely destroy the joke of this week’s podcast title. And take a look at the “fun” site of the week, which puts an eye on webcams, with the EyeCam, the webcam that looks like and mimics the movements of the human eye.

ai with ai: Xen and the Art of Motorcell Maintenance

/our-media/podcasts/ai-with-ai/season-4/4-28

Andy and Dave discuss the latest in AI news, including the European Commission’s proposal for the regulation of AI. A report in Nature Medicine examines the limitations of the evaluation process for medical devices using AI that the FDA approves. Researchers at MIT translate spider webs into sounds to explore how spiders might sense their world, and they using machine learning to classify sounds by spider activities. An NIH panel releases its preliminary ethics rules on making brain-like structures such as neural organoids and neural transplants, and finds little evidence that these structures experience humanlike consciousness or pain. And Andy and Dave spend some time with xenobioticists Sam Kriegman and Doug Blackiston, who discuss the motivations and findings behind their latest generation of xenobots, synthetic living machines that they have been designing and building in their labs.

ai with ai: Donkey Pong

/our-media/podcasts/ai-with-ai/season-4/4-27

Andy and Dave discuss the latest in AI news, including the National Intelligence Council’s 7th Edition Global Trends 2040 Report, which sprinkles the importance of AI and ML throughout future trends. A BuzzFeed report claims that the NYPD has misled the public about its use of the facial recognition tool, Clearview AI, having run over 5100 searches with the tool. European Activist Groups ask the European Commission to ban facial recognition completely, with calls to protect “fundamental rights” in Europe. A report in Digital Medicine examines the diagnostic accuracy of deep learning in medical imaging studies, and calls for an immediate need to develop AI guidelines. Neuralink demonstrates the latest with its brain-computer interface device with a demonstration that shows a monkey playing Pong with his brain. And the Director of the JAIC, Lt Gen Groen, and the co-chair of the NSCAI, Bob Work, spoke for about an hour on the use and direction of AI in the Department of Defense. In research, Andrew Jones examines how different parameters scale with board games, identifying the scaling of scaling laws. Research for AIST, Tokyo Institute of Technology, and Tokyo Denki University demonstrate that they can pre-train a CNN using no natural images, but instead using digital images created using fractals. In the paper of the week, Ben Goertzel provides his general theory of general intelligence. And the fun site of the week features the 1996 game, “Creatures,” with a look into the AI that made them come alive.

ai with ai: Xenomania

/our-media/podcasts/ai-with-ai/season-4/4-26

Andy and Dave discuss the latest in AI news, including the resignation of Samy Bengio from Google Brain, which fired ethicists Gebru in December and Mitchell in February. The Joint AI Center releases its request for proposals on Data Readiness for AI Development (DRAID). DARPA prepares for the quantum age with a program for Quantum Computer Benchmarking. And a separate DARPA program seeks to enable fully homomorphic encryption with its Data Protection in Virtual Environments (DPRIVE) program. A poll from Hyland on digital distrust shows that Americans think that over the next decade, AI has the most potential to cause harm. Amazon introduces the next level of “biometric consent” required for its delivery drivers, which includes an always-on camera observing the driver and gathering other data; drivers will lose their jobs if they do not consent to the monitoring. And Josh Bongard of the University of Vermont and Michael Levin of Tufts University along with other researchers from Wyss and Harvard join together to form the Institute for Computationally Designed Organisms (ICDO), which will focus on “AI-driven designs of new life forms.” In research, Bongard publishes the latest iteration of its mobile living machines, with Xenobots II, using frog cells to create life forms capable of motion, memory, and manipulation of the world around them. Researchers from the universities of Copenhagen, York, and Shanghai use neural cellular automata to grow 3D objects and functional machines within the Minecraft world. And OpenAI Robotics demonstrates the ability for a robotic arm to solve manipulation tasks, including tasks with previously unseen goals and objects, with asymmetric self-play. And the Book / Fun Site of the Week comes from the Special Interest Group on Harry Q. Bovik (SIGBOVIK), which presents “April Fools” research, descriptions of truly absurd, but fascinating, research.

ai with ai: Guise of the Machines

/our-media/podcasts/ai-with-ai/season-4/4-25

Andy and Dave discuss the latest in AI news, including a report that systematically examined 62 studies on COVID-19 ML methods (from a pool o 2200+ studies), and found that none of the models were of potential clinical use due to methodological flaws or underlying biases. MIT and Amazon identify pervasive label errors in popular ML datasets (such as MNIST, CIFAR, Imagenet) and demonstrate that models may learn systematic patterns of label error in order to improve their accuracy. DARPA’s Air Combat Evolution program upgrades its virtual program to include new weapons systems and multiple aircraft, with live Phase 2 tests on schedule for later in 2021. Researchers at the University of Waterloo and Northeastern University publish research working toward self-walking robotic exoskeletons. British researchers add a buccinators (cheek) muscle to robotic busts to better synchronize speech and mouth movements. Russian Promobot is developing hyper-realistic skin for humanoid robots. And Anderson Cooper takes a tour of Boston Dynamics. In research, Leverhulme, Cambridge, Imperial College London, and DeepMind UK publish research on the direct human-AI comparison in the animal-AI environment, using human children ages 6-10 and animal-AI agents across 10 levels of task groupings. Josh Bongard and Michael Levin publish Living Things Are Not (20th Century) Machines, a thought piece on updating how we think of machines and what they *could* be. Professors Jason Jones and Steven Skiena are publishing a running AI Dashboard on Public Opinion of AI. The Australian Department of Defence publishes A Method for Ethical AI in Defence. Raghavendra Gadagkar publishes Experiments in Animal Behavior. And Peter Singer and August Cole publish An Eye for a Storm, envisioning a future of professional military education for the Australian Defence Force.

ai with ai: The Earth Dies Dreaming

/our-media/podcasts/ai-with-ai/season-4/4-24

Andy and Dave discuss the latest in AI news, including a letter from the National Transportation Safety Board that asks the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration to regulate more strictly autonomous vehicles and driver assistance technologies; of note, the letter also uses Tesla as an example, stating that the company is using its customers to beta test its full self-driving technology on public roads. KMPG surveys business leaders on a variety of AI-related topics and finds that, among other things, many more leaders have the perception that AI tech is moving out too quickly. Researchers at Aston University announce a three-year study to explore the utility of human brain stem cells grown on a microchip, a so-called Neu-ChiP. Researchers from Norway and Australia unveil DyRET, a quadruped robot that can adapt its morphology (such as growing taller or shorter) as it encounters different environments. And Japanese researchers describe a decoded neurofeedback (DecNef) method, which uses fMRI to visualize brain activity and then calculate the similarity between real-time brain activity and brain activity patterns corresponding to specific pre-established memory and mental states. Microsoft’s PowerPoint has a Presenter Coach that will listen and watch your presentation and give you pointers on speech patterns, pacing, attention, body language, and other attributes. The two main research items both involve AI agents playing in the Atari Learning Environment (57 games from Atari’s library), and both with groundbreaking results in different ways: Uber AI and OpenAI use a model-free approach in Go-Explore, which uses a concept of “first return (to previous states), and then explore; GoogleAI use a world model approach with DreamerV2, which learns behaviors inside a separately trained world model (they also recommend a “clipped record mean” to aggregate scores across the various games). The survey of the week looks at Deepfakes Generation & Detection. Marjorie McShane and Sergei Nirenburg publish Linguistics for the Age of AI, arguing that researchers must place linguistics front and center for machines to achieve human-level language understanding, with big data and stats approaches as contributing methods. And in the video of the week, Steven Gouveia has produced a documentary on The Age of AI.

ai with ai: Diplomachine

/our-media/podcasts/ai-with-ai/season-4/4-23

Andy and Dave discuss the latest in AI news, including the release of the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps Unmanned Campaign Framework, which describes the desired approach to developing and deploying unmanned systems. Google employees demand stronger laws to protect AI researchers, in the wake of the firings of Gebru and Mitchell. Hour One debuted technology that creates fully digital and photorealistic AI personas for the purposes of content creation, such as welcome receptionist or information desk. Pennsylvania state law now allows for autonomous delivery robots to use sidewalks and operate on roads. The U.S. Army announces the availability of a training set for facial recognition that also includes thermal camera images, which it will make available for “valid scientific research.” In research, Facebook AI demonstrates an algorithm capable of human-level performance in Diplomacy (no-press), using an equilibrium search to reason about what the other players are reasoning; the algorithm achieved a rank of 23 out of 1,128 human players. Researchers in Helsinki and Germany explore the effects of the Uncanny Valley, suggesting that a robot’s appearance changes how humans judge its decisions. The Resource of the Week comes via Pete Skomoroch, who pointed out that Wikipedia contains a massive list of datasets for machine learning research (along with useful summary details about the dataset). The Book of the Week is Telling Stories, with authors from around the globe bringing culturally different perspectives on tales of AI. And the Videos of the Week come from MIT, which has published its Introduction to Deep Learning course online, with free access.

ai with ai: Datalore SemaFor

/our-media/podcasts/ai-with-ai/season-4/4-22

Andy and Dave discuss the latest in AI news, including an announcement from Facebook AI that it achieved state of the art computer vision performance with its SEER model, by learning from one billion (with a ‘b’) random, unlabeled, and uncurated public Instagram images, reaching 84% top-1 accuracy on 13k images from ImageNet. DARPA launches a new Perceptually-enabled Task Guidance (PTG) to help humans perform complex tasks (such as through augmented reality); the effort will include both fundamental research as well as integrated demonstrations. DARPA also announces research teams from its Semantic Forensics (SemaFor) effort at probing media manipulations. Chris Ume, a Belgian visual effects artist, releases four deepfake videos of Tom Cruise, using two NVIDIA GPUs, two months training time, and further days of processing and tweaking for each clip. Researchers at the University of Washington, Berkeley, and Google Research use the StyleGAN2 framework to create “time-travel photography,” which peels away the limitations of early cameras to reveal restored images of the original photos; the effort also involves the creation of a modern “sibling,” which then gets merged with the original. OpenAI publishes the discovery that neurons in its CLIP network respond to the same concept, whether literal, symbolic (e.g., a sketch), or conceptual (e.g., text); they also discover an absurdly simple attack, which involves places a stick with a word onto an item. The report of the week from UNICEF looks at Adolescent Perspectives on AI, with insights from 245 adolescents from five countries. Montreal.AI provides a 33-page “cheat sheet” with condensed information and links on AI topics. The book of the week from E-IR examines Remote Warfare: Interdisciplinary Perspectives. And the fun site of the week, MyHeritage, lets users animate photos, or “re-animate your dead loves ones.”

ai with ai: Schrödinger’s Slime Mold

/our-media/podcasts/ai-with-ai/season-4/4-21

Andy and Dave discuss the latest AI news, which includes lots of new reports, starting with the release of the final report of the National Security Commission on AI, with over 750 pages that outlines steps the U.S. must take to use AI responsibly for national security and defense. The Stanford University Institute for Human-Centered AI (HAI) releases its fourth and most comprehensive report of its AI index, which covers global R&D, technical performance, education, and other topics in AI. Peter Layton at the Defence Research Centre in Australia publishes Fighting AI Battles: Operational Concepts for Future AI-Enabled Wars, with a look at war at sea, land, and air. Drone Wars in the UK and the Centre for War Studies in Denmark release Meaning-Less Human Control: Lessons from Air Defence Systems on Meaningful Human Control for the Debate of AWS, examining automation and autonomy in 28 air defense systems used around the world. And the European Union Agency for Cybersecurity publishes a report on Cybersecurity Challenges in the Uptake of AI in Autonomous Driving. In research, scientists demonstrate that an organism without a nervous systems, slime mold, can encode memory of its environment through the hierarchy of its own tube diameter structure. And the Fun Site of the Week uses GPT-3 to generate classic “title/description/question” thought experiments.