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Psychology of Disinformation Key Psychological Mechanisms

/reports/2021/10/psychology-of-disinformation-key-psychological-mechanisms

We explore the underlying psychological principles facilitating the absorption and spread of disinformation and outline options for countering disinformation grounded in in cognitive and social psychological literature.

throughout history for a range of objectives—the connectivity that characterizes the world today allows both information and disinformation to spread faster and with a much greater reach ... through its existence, regardless of its believability. Because disinformation’s primary impact occurs in the mind, technological, political, or military solutions alone cannot sufficiently mitigate ... , military science, foreign affairs, economics, computer science, and marketing. Through the literature review, we identified four key psychological principles related to the absorption and spread

Evolution of US Navy Roles in NATO

/reports/2021/08/evolution-of-us-navy-roles-in-nato

This paper, written in 2004, was catalyzed by a series of conferences held in Europe in the early twenty-first century that analyzed international naval policies and history.

The US Navy has been deployed globally and forward, almost frombirth, to further US diplomatic, military, and economic policies.Through much—but not all—of its history, the United States haskept ... in Europe in the early twenty-first century that analyzed international naval policies and history. Overview This study: Traces US Navy roles in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization(NATO) since 1949 ... kept its former priority. Nevertheless,many factors should continue to yield a mix of permanent and in-termittent US naval presence in European waters. Throughout its history, the US Navy has

Evaluating Suitability Across Services

/reports/2020/10/evaluating-suitability-across-services

This report focuses on two distinct, but related topics: enlistment waivers and entry-level separations. The waiver process recognizes that some young people have made mistakes and overcome their past behavior or have had a medical condition that warrants review. A one-time incident or issue may not accurately reflect the character or potential for someone to serve. ELS length and administrative separation policies provide an orderly means to discharge those found to be unsuitable to serve. In this light, two offices within the OSD–Personnel and Readiness (the Offices of the Under Secretary of Defense for Accession Policy (AP) and Officer and Enlisted Personnel Management (OEPM)) asked CNA to evaluate the Services’ policies, practices, and successes for determining suitability for service at accession (enlistment waivers) and in service (ELS length and reasons for early separation). In this second of two reports, we 1) determine the probability of, and reasons for, separation among those who access with enlistment waivers, 2) examine the arguments for and against extending ELS, as well as inconsistencies in ELS separation reasons, and 3) make recommendations.

requirements. By requiring enlistment waivers for such applicants (e.g., those with too many minor dependents, with certain medical conditions, with a record or history of criminal infractions, or who ... policy established singular definitions for each of the four waiver types that apply to all military recruits, regardless of Service. For example, a drug waiver is only issued to applicants who test positive on the Drug and Alcohol Test (DAT) at the Military Processing Entrance Station (MEPS). This establishment of consistent waiver definitions across DoD means that consistent enlistment waiver

Counter-IED Analysis: Hidden Dangers, Hidden Answers

/about-us/research/case-studies/hidden-dangers

CNA analysis showed a U.S. military counter-IED (improvised explosive device) tactic was saving soldiers from roadside bombs in Iraq and led to its expansion.

Hidden Dangers CNA analysis showed a U.S. military counter-IED (improvised explosive device) tactic was saving soldiers from roadside bombs in Iraq and led to its expansion. /images/research ... — the first solid evidence that the tactic was actually protecting soldiers. “Good Lord,” the analyst muttered to himself. “This actually is a real thing.” Briefing counter-IED research to the military brass The military leadership was so hungry for any insight into the counter-IED fight that Michlovich would soon find himself briefing these results to the Chief of Naval Operations, to Brig. Gen

Marine Mammals and the Navy: A Deep Dive into Data

/about-us/research/case-studies/a-deep-dive-into-data

Navy impacts on whales and marine mammals are the subject of more than 20 CNA research projects, examining correlations between sonar activity and strandings.

a single marine biologist on staff, a group better known for its history of operations research on weapons tactics. But it was a strategic calculation. "He was pretty sharp," says Filadelfo. "He ... of military activity, there was a high probability of finding at most a single mass stranding during all of those sonar periods combined. To find more than two strandings would be highly unlikely. But beaked ... find German U-boats in World War II. "In this work I've gone back to perhaps the most famous CNA report of all, ‘Search and Screening,’" says Filadelfo. "It's one of the bibles of military operations

coming in from the cold: Napalm: The Original Weapon of Mass Destruction

/our-media/podcasts/coming-in-from-the-cold/44

The dropping of the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki is seen by most as the ultimate display of man’s capacity to destroy. While the destructive power of nuclear weapons cannot be denied, there was another weapon used in the Pacific campaign which was responsible for even more civilian death, Napalm. In this episode, Bob Neer, author of “Napalm an American Biography,” joins Bill to discuss the history of Napalm and its complicated role in U.S. Military history.

44 The dropping of the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki is seen by most as the ultimate display of man’s capacity to destroy. While the destructive power of nuclear weapons cannot be denied, there was another weapon used in the Pacific campaign which was responsible for even more civilian death, Napalm. In this episode, Bob Neer, author of “Napalm an American Biography,” joins Bill to discuss the history of Napalm and its complicated role in U.S. Military history. Napalm: The Original Weapon of Mass Destruction Bob Neer’s Website NPR : “'Napalm Girl': An Iconic Image Of War

coming in from the cold: The Chernobyl Meltdown: Past and Present

/our-media/podcasts/coming-in-from-the-cold/38

On April 26, 1986, reactor No.4 of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant exploded, triggering one of the worst man-made disasters in human history. Today, Chernobyl is back in the news as the site of one of the first battles in the Russia-Ukraine War. In this episode of Coming in From the Cold, Steve Wills sits down with Michael Kofman and Mary Chesnut, from CNA’s Russia Studies program. They discuss the impact that the Chernobyl accident had on the Ukrainian people, and the strategic value of the site today. *Listener note: this episode was recorded on March 24, 2022, before reports emerged that Russian troops stationed in Chernobyl developed “acute radiation sickness.” Biographies Michael Kofman   is the director of CNA’s Russia Studies Program. He is an expert in Russian armed forces, military thought, capabilities, and strategy. Mr. Kofman is also a Senior Editor at War on the Rocks, where he regularly authors articles on strategy, the Russian military and Russian decision-making. Twitter:   https://twitter.com/KofmanMichael Mary Chesnut is an associate research analyst with CNA’s Russia Studies Program. Prior to joining CNA, she was the program manager of the Nuclear Security Working Group a non-partisan organization at George Washington University. Twitter:   https://twitter.com/nuke_nerd

38 On April 26, 1986, reactor No.4 of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant exploded, triggering one of the worst man-made disasters in human history. Today, Chernobyl is back in the news as the site of one of the first battles in the Russia-Ukraine War. In this episode of Coming in From the Cold, Steve Wills sits down with Michael Kofman and Mary Chesnut, from CNA’s Russia Studies program ... armed forces, military thought, capabilities, and strategy. Mr. Kofman is also a Senior Editor at War on the Rocks, where he regularly authors articles on strategy, the Russian military and Russian

Non Citizens in Today's Military

/reports/2005/non-citizens-in-todays-military

In FY04, this country spent $2.7 billion to recruit 182,000 active-duty enlisted servicemembers. One overlooked source of military manpower is immigrants and their families. In fact, much of the growth in the recruitment-eligible population will come from immigration. The United States is a country of immigrants. Recent waves of immigration have made today’s foreign-born population the largest in U.S. history—11.7 percent in 2003, up from 9.3 percent in 1995. Immigrants will fuel much of the growth in the youth population. About a third of the world's population is under age 15, and the overwhelming majority lives in developing countries. Because this large bulge of future workers will have difficulty finding work in their native countries, many may emigrate—either alone or with young families. Of the 16 million foreign-born people who entered the United States between 1990 and 2002, almost a quarter were under age 21. Most immigrants will not be U.S. citizens, but many will become Legal Permanent Residents. Between 1973 and 2002, an estimated 21.5 million people became LPRs. In 2002, more than 1 million immigrants became LPRs in addition to 10.4 million people who were already LPRs. Over two-thirds of them, 7.8 million, had been in the United States long enough to be eligible for naturalization.

Non Citizens in Today's Military Non-Citizens in Today’s Military: Final Report In FY04, this country spent $2.7 billion to recruit 182,000 active-duty enlisted servicemembers. One overlooked source of military manpower is immigrants and their families. In fact, much of the growth in the recruitment-eligible population will come from immigration. The United States is a country of immigrants. Recent waves of immigration have made today’s foreign-born population the largest in U.S. history—11.7 percent in 2003, up from 9.3 percent in 1995. Immigrants will fuel much of the growth in the youth

Future Deployable Medical Capabilities and Platforms

/reports/2002/future-deployable-medical-capabilities-and-platforms

All three medical services (Army, Air Force, and Navy) are working to develop smaller, more mobile medical platforms and capabilities. This document is intended to help Navy Medicine plan its future deployable capabilities by (a) suggesting alternative platforms, (b) analyzing the positives and negatives of those platforms, (c) suggesting other pertinent issues to be addressed in considering alternatives, providing analytical input into Navy Medicine’s new requirement-setting process, and (e) supplying preliminary analyses of capabilities and rough cost estimates. The capability/engineering and cost estimates that we make in this study are preliminary. This document is an early step in a process that would require more detailed engineering and cost studies of particular options.

on Maritime Prepositioning Force (MPF) ships, as well as prepositioned in containers in strategic areas of the world. Navy Medicine’s hospital ships have a long history, dating back ... warfare, and military operations other than war. Changes in Navy/Marine Corps warfighting concepts that require the Marines to be supported by sea-based logistics. In addition, the Navy and Marine

The Use of Naval Forces in the Post-War Era

/reports/1991/the-use-of-naval-forces-in-the-post-war-era

This research memorandum summarizes the major role of U.S. Naval forces in at least 207 crisis management operations for international incidents and crises, exclusive of the Korean and Vietnam wars.

. This paper is a report from CNA's History of U.S. Navy and U.S. Marine Corps Crisis Response Activity Project, conducted for the Deputy Chief of Naval Operations, Plans, Policy and Operations (OP-06 ... to obscure the fact that the other services and other instruments of policy (military and nonmilitary) play significant roles in the crisis management activities of the National Command Authorities