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Improving Protection of Humanitarian Organizations in Armed Conflict

/analyses/2022/03/improving-protection-of-humanitarian-organizations-in-armed-conflict

We leverage CNA’s work on civilian harm, including attacks on humanitarian organizations, to identify four broad steps militaries can take to minimize these tragic incidents and improve protection of these organizations.

of international law seeking to promote humanity and reduce suffering in armed conflict, civilians continue to suffer in war. One particular tragedy is that humanitarian organizations continue to be the subject of tragic attacks, and too many times they are obstructed or harassed by security forces, causing them harm and limiting vital services from aiding the civilian population. In this report, we ... entities and of civilians overall. To be effective, this approach should go beyond the largely reactive and declarative international mode and seek to become more proactive. Such an approach should also

AI and Autonomy in Russia Issue 29

/analyses/2022/01/ai-and-autonomy-in-russia-issue-29

Issue 29 for January 2022 of a CNA newsletter providing information and analysis on AI in Russia, especially AI applied to Russian military capabilities.

into the following sections: Governance and Legal Developments Military and Security Developments Corporate and Market Developments Education and Training Developments International Collaboration Spotlight: Koalitsiya-SV Artillery System The following preview shows the first item in this issue:  1. Russian parliament develops draft bill to regulate robot-human ... ; security of an individual, society and state; regulatory impact based on a risk-based approach; safety of robotic technologies; openness of information about robotic technologies.” It also proposes

AI and Autonomy in Russia Issue 25

/analyses/2021/11/ai-and-autonomy-in-russia-issue-25

CNA provides information and analysis of the field of civilian and military AI in Russia and how Russia is applying AI to its military capabilities. Issue 25.

, divided into the following sections: Governance and Legal Developments Military and Security Developments Corporate and Market Developments Education and Training Developments International Collaboration Spotlight: Marker UGV Update The following preview shows the first item in this issue: 1. Russian government analytical center releases AI ethics code As discussed ... code. This voluntary code was released and signed by several organizations on October 26 in Moscow at an international conference, “Ethics of Artificial Intelligence: The Beginning of Trust

North Korea A Case Study of Asymmetric Relations

/analyses/2021/10/north-korea-a-case-study-of-asymmetric-relations

Examining North Korea as a case study for asymmetric relations and the issue of its nuclear weapons development as the threat to status quo in the international order.

development as the threat to status quo in the international order. Asymmetry between the United States and less powerful adversaries creates unique challenges not easily addressed by traditional international security policy precepts. Deterrence and compellence become harder to achieve because asymmetrically weaker powers often have greater interests at stake in bilateral and regional disputes ... or strategic patience—similar to the Obama administration’s foreign policy toward asymmetrically weaker adversaries who defied key US security objectives. Based on the unique circumstances

AI and Autonomy in Russia Issue 23

/analyses/2021/10/ai-and-autonomy-in-russia-issue-23

CNA provides information and analysis of the field of civilian and military AI in Russia and how Russia is applying AI to its military capabilities. Issue 23.

, divided into the following sections: Governance and Legal Developments Military and Security Developments Corporate and Market Developments Education and Training Developments International Collaboration Spotlight: Sarma Autonomous Underwater Vehicle The following preview shows the first item in this issue: 1. Russian government creates new center for AI federal ... and the development of norms, and focus on AI international cooperation. According to reports, “By the end of 2021, the center will develop an index of readiness of industries toward AI implementation

Role of Russian Military in Information Confrontation

/analyses/2021/06/role-of-russian-military-in-information-confrontation

Joe Cheravitch traces the evolution of Russian military thought on “information confrontation,” e.g., cyberattacks and computer espionage.

confrontation,” e.g., cyberattacks and computer espionage. Between the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 and Russia’s annexation of Crimea over two decades later, international attention toward Russia’s ... , when Russia’s  military and security services began to use a wide array of computer network operations, electronic warfare, and digital influence platforms to help facilitate kinetic  activities in Crimea and eastern Ukraine while disrupting Ukraine’s new government and its international partners. Since then, a litany of cyberattacks—many of  which have been attributed to Russian military

State Policy of Russia toward Nuclear Deterrence

/analyses/2020/06/state-policy-of-russia-toward-nuclear-deterrence

In 2020, the Russian Federation released its “Foundations of State Policy” regarding nuclear deterrence. CNA has produced an informal English translation.

and norms of international law, international treaties of the Russian Federation in the field of defense and arms control, federal constitutional laws, federal laws, other regulatory legal acts and documents regulating defense issues and security. The provisions of these Foundations are binding on all federal government authorities, other government bodies and  organizations participating

Social Media Bots: Laws

/analyses/2020/09/social-media-bots-laws

While social media bots have the ability to greatly affect US national security and public discourse, the current landscape of US federal and state laws regulating such bots is limited. This study explores the challenges inherent to passing social media bot-related legislation and details current efforts to do so, including at the federal and state levels. It briefly explores the context in the European Union as well. This paper then discusses the dilemmas social media companies face as they think about effective bot policies and identifies the four main categories of policies through which the social media platforms regulate the use of bots on their sites. As they face evolving threats from bots, the social media companies will continue to adapt their policies accordingly, though it remains an open question whether and to what extent these companies should regulate themselves in the face of additional pressure from Congress and the public.

Social Media Bots: Laws Social Media Bots: Laws, Regulations, and Platform Policies While social media bots have the ability to greatly affect US national security and public discourse, the current ... pressure from Congress and the public. Social media bots—simply, automated programs on social media platforms—affect US national security, public discourse, and democracy. As the country continues ... catalogued. This CNA primer helps to fill this gap by helping policy-makers and national security practitioners understand the laws and social media platform policies as they currently exist. We also

AI Safety Navy Action Plan

/analyses/2019/10/ai-safety-navy-action-plan

In light of the Navy’s stated commitment to using AI, and given the strategic importance of AI safety, we provide the Navy with a first step towards a comprehensive approach to safety. We use a risk management approach to frame our treatment of AI safety risks: identifying risks, analyzing them, and suggesting concrete actions for the Navy to begin addressing them. The first type of safety risk, being technical in nature, will require a collaborative effort with industry and academia to address. The second type of risk, associated with specific military missions, can be addressed in a combination of military experimentation, research, and concept development to find ways to promote effectiveness along with safety. For each types of risk, we use examples to show concrete ways of managing and reducing the risk of AI applications. We then discuss institutional changes that would help promote safety in the Navy’s AI efforts.

. In light of this, more and more countries are placing AI as key to their national security strategies. As the US pursues AI, its plans and efforts to leverage the technology for military applications ... requirements, performing test and evaluation processes, and conducting legal reviews to ensure that weapons comply with international law. Consistent with this stance, safety holds a primary place ... , and accidental escalation leading to international instability and conflict—are also highly relevant when considering concerns over military use of AI. An ethics focus will not necessarily address

American Naval Policy in the Second Decade

/analyses/2017/american-naval-policy-in-the-second-decade

This paper provides a brief overview of U.S. Navy policy, strategy, plans and operations. It discusses some basic fundamentals and the Navy’s three major operational activities: peacetime engagement, crisis response, and wartime combat. It concludes with a general discussion of U.S. naval forces. It was originally written as a contribution to an international conference on maritime strategy and security, and originally published as a chapter in a Routledge handbook in 2015. The author is a longtime contributor to, advisor on, and observer of US Navy strategy and policy, and the paper represents his personal but well-informed views. The paper was written while the Navy (and Marine Corps and Coast Guard) were revising their tri- service strategy document A Cooperative Strategy for 21st Century Seapower, finally signed and published in March 2015, and includes suggestions made by the author to the drafters during that time.

with a general discussion of U.S. naval forces. It was originally written as a contribution to an international conference on maritime strategy and security, and originally published as a chapter ... Handbook of Naval Strategy and Security, edited by Joachim Krause and Sebastian Bruns, and published by Routledge (Taylor and Francis Group, London and New York). It is reproduced here by the kind permission