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Estimated Effects of Facility Quality SROTC Recruitment Retention

/analyses/2021/08/estimated-effects-of-facility-quality-srotc-recruitment-retention

This paper summarizes the research that CNA performed to understand how Senior Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (SROTC) facility conditions may disproportionately affect SROTC recruitment and retention at Minority-Serving Institutions (MSIs).

Estimated Effects of Facility Quality SROTC Recruitment Retention Estimated Effects of Facility Quality on SROTC Recruitment and Retention This paper summarizes the research that CNA performed ... of the Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness asked CNA to study these issues. A body of knowledge on facilities assessments, facilities investment, and (particularly in the civilian ... /Estimated-Effects-of-Facility-Quality-Cover.png /reports/2022/08/Estimated-Effects-of-Facility-Quality.jpg Marine Corps and Defense Workforce Program /centers-and-divisions/cna/rfr

OSD Retention Dashboard

/analyses/2020/04/osd-retention-dashboard

The services commit a considerable amount of resources to retention policy levers, including a variety of reenlistment bonuses for both officers and enlisted personnel. To oversee the resources supporting these levers, the services must understand the current retention environment, both in aggregate and for specific subsets of servicemembers, since retention incentives can target certain communities. This paper discusses the retention dashboard that CNA developed for the Office of the Undersecretary of Defense (OSD) Personnel and Readiness (P&R) that allows users to view recent active component enlisted retention trends in each of the services. We discuss our choice of retention metrics, identify the data that we used, and provide guidance on using the dashboard. We conclude with a discussion of a potential future extension of the dashboard that incorporates predictive capabilities. Future extensions also could add the reserve component and/or the officer corps.

of servicemembers, since retention incentives can target certain communities. This paper discusses the retention dashboard that CNA developed for the Office of the Undersecretary of Defense (OSD) Personnel ... across services difficult. In this report, CNA facilitates OSD’s efforts to oversee retention policies in two ways: We define several retention measures that are consistently measured across ... Human Resources /centers-and-divisions/cna/rfr/navy-health-and-human-resources DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release: distribution unlimited. Public Release. This work

Artificial Intelligence in Russia Issue 6

/analyses/2020/07/artificial-intelligence-in-russia-issue-6

Issue 6 for July 2020 of a CNA newsletter providing information and analysis on AI in Russia, especially AI applied to Russian military capabilities.

Artificial Intelligence in Russia Issue 6 Artificial Intelligence in Russia Issue 6, July 17, 2020 Issue 6 for July 2020 of a CNA newsletter providing information and analysis on AI in Russia ... program. This was one of the outcomes of a June 10 meeting between Putin and ICT industry representatives, discussed in issue 4 of AI in Russia. CNA Commentary: This large investment underscores ... /DOP-2020-U-027627-Final2.pdf /reports/2020/07/DOP-2020-U-027627-Final2.png /reports/2020/07/Artificial%20Intelligence%20in%20Russia%20Issue%206.png Russia Studies /centers-and-divisions/cna/rsp/russia-studies

Implication of Social Media Bots

/analyses/2020/09/implication-of-social-media-bots

CNA initiated this study of social media bots—automated programs on social media platforms—to explore their implications for US special operations forces (SOF) and the broader national security community. This report explains social media bots and botnets, explores the threat of automation and the role of social media bots as a tool of disinformation, and introduces a taxonomy of six activities that social media bots and botnets can engage in: distributing, amplifying, distorting, hijacking, flooding, and fracturing. It then identifies likely evolutions in the nearto mid-term futures and explores the implications of those futures for SOF. The report examines opportunities and risks for SOF and concludes with examples of potential SOF use in each of the six identified social media bot and botnet activities.

Implication of Social Media Bots Social Media Bots: Implications for Special Operations Forces CNA initiated this study of social media bots—automated programs on social media platforms—to explore ... of national interest and analysis for nearly four years. Although there has been a flood of reporting on social media disinformation and manipulation, CNA initiated this study to explore the specific ... /reports/2020/09/social%20media.png Countering Threats and Challenges /centers-and-divisions/cna/rsp/countering-threats-and-challenges DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release: distribution unlimited

Evaluating Suitability Across Services

/analyses/2020/10/evaluating-suitability-across-services

This report focuses on two distinct, but related topics: enlistment waivers and entry-level separations. The waiver process recognizes that some young people have made mistakes and overcome their past behavior or have had a medical condition that warrants review. A one-time incident or issue may not accurately reflect the character or potential for someone to serve. ELS length and administrative separation policies provide an orderly means to discharge those found to be unsuitable to serve. In this light, two offices within the OSD–Personnel and Readiness (the Offices of the Under Secretary of Defense for Accession Policy (AP) and Officer and Enlisted Personnel Management (OEPM)) asked CNA to evaluate the Services’ policies, practices, and successes for determining suitability for service at accession (enlistment waivers) and in service (ELS length and reasons for early separation). In this second of two reports, we 1) determine the probability of, and reasons for, separation among those who access with enlistment waivers, 2) examine the arguments for and against extending ELS, as well as inconsistencies in ELS separation reasons, and 3) make recommendations.

) and Officer and Enlisted Personnel Management (OEPM)) asked CNA to evaluate the Services’ policies, practices, and successes for determining suitability for service at accession (enlistment waivers ... and Enlisted Personnel Management (OEPM)—asked CNA to evaluate the Services’ policies, practices, and successes for determining suitability for service at accession (enlistment waivers) and in service (ELS ... /centers-and-divisions/cna/rfr/marine-corps-and-defense-workforce-program DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release: distribution unlimited. Public Release. 10/2/2020 88 DRM-2020-U-027316-Final

SNAP and Military Families Who Qualifies

/analyses/2020/12/snap-and-military-families-who-qualifies

The Director of the 13th Quadrennial Review of Military Compensation (QRMC) asked CNA to determine state and District of Columbia eligibility requirements for Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits, to identify which military allowances and in-kind benefits count toward eligibility, and to estimate the number of active component servicemembers who would be eligible for SNAP. We were also asked to estimate the number of servicemembers serving in the United States who would be eligible for the Family Subsistence Supplemental Allowance (FSSA) if it were reinstated for those servicemembers. We found that no servicemember without dependents would qualify for SNAP in any Military Housing Area (MHA) and that no servicemember with dependents above the paygrade of E-7 would qualify. While fewer in numbers, members who live on base and receive quarters-in-kind (that is, they do not receive Basic Allowance for Housing) are far more likely to be eligible for SNAP than their peers who have dependents and do not live on base because the in-kind benefit is not considered income for SNAP purposes. We estimate that far fewer servicemembers would be eligible for FSSA if it were made available in the United States because the value of quarters provided in-kind is imputed as income when determining eligibility for FSSA.

Compensation (QRMC) asked CNA to determine state and District of Columbia eligibility requirements for Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits, to identify which military allowances ... . The amount of the assistance depends on household size, household income, and other circumstances. The Director of the 13th QRMC asked CNA to determine state and District of Columbia (DC) eligibility ... /reports/2020/12/soldier.PNG Marine Corps and Defense Workforce Program /centers-and-divisions/cna/rfr/marine-corps-and-defense-workforce-program DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release

Future of Global Competition

/analyses/2019/05/future-of-global-competition

The 2018 National Defense Strategy (NDS) makes clear that competing effectively with state adversaries will be the primary focus of the Department of Defense (DOD) going forward. Irregular warfare (IW) is a key element of modern great power competition (GPC), and our adversaries are deftly exploiting unconventional methodologies— particularly the use of information and intermediaries (i.e., proxies and surrogates)—as mediums of national influence. In March 2019, CNA hosted a cohort of academic, government, and military experts for a discussion on how special operations forces (SOF) can best lead or support US Government (USG) efforts to compete successfully on a global scale using information operations and intermediary partnerships. The discussion is summarized and synthesized in this document.

methodologies— particularly the use of information and intermediaries (i.e., proxies and surrogates)—as mediums of national influence. In March 2019, CNA hosted a cohort of academic, government, and military ... methodologies—particularly the use of information and intermediaries (i.e., proxies and surrogates)—as mediums of national influence. In March 2019, CNA hosted a cohort of academic, government ... /forest.png Countering Threats and Challenges /centers-and-divisions/cna/rsp/countering-threats-and-challenges DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release: distribution unlimited. 5/10/2019 26

Iranian Action in Syria

/analyses/2019/06/iranian-action-in-syria

On April 18, 2019, CNA hosted a National Security Seminar to examine Iranian military operations and influence activities in Syria and to discuss the potential ramifications of these actions for the United States and its regional allies. The event convened a panel of subject matter experts from the diplomatic, defense, and academic communities and featured an active audience of US government members. As the US prepares to downsize its Syrian presence to a cohort of 400 troops, Iran is redoubling its commitment to become a long-term power broker in Syria. Seminar participants reviewed how Iran has skillfully exploited the conflict in Syria, deploying hybrid warfare—including military action, influence operations, and diplomatic networking—to insinuate itself into local politics. The following summary highlights the key points of the discussion, with particular attention paid to the challenges and opportunities that Iran’s presence in Syria could pose for the US over the long term.

Iranian Action in Syria Iranian Action in Syria: Military Operations, Soft Power Influence, and Implications for the United States On April 18, 2019, CNA hosted a National Security Seminar to examine ... , with particular attention paid to the challenges and opportunities that Iran’s presence in Syria could pose for the US over the long term. On April 18, 2019, CNA hosted a National Security Seminar to examine ... /reports/2019/06/CCP-2019-U-020195-Final.pdf /reports/2019/06/CCP-2019-U-020195-Final.PNG /reports/2019/06/flags.PNG Countering Threats and Challenges /centers-and-divisions/cna/rsp

Becker Testimony

/analyses/2019/10/becker-testimony

Prepared Testimony by Jeffrey D. Becker Research Program Director, Indo-Pacific Security Affairs, CNA To the House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation

Affairs, CNA To the House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation Chairman Maloney, Ranking Member Gibbs, and Members of the Subcommittee ... , Research Program Director, Indo-Pacific Security Affairs, CNA To the House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation /reports/2019/10/Becker%20Testimony.pdf /images/GenericReportImage.jpg Indo-Pacific Affairs /centers-and-divisions/cna/rsp/indo-pacific-security-affairs

Russian Air Campaign in Syria

/analyses/2018/06/russian-air-campaign-in-syria

In this CNA Occasional Paper, Anton Lavrov, a noted Russian expert on military air operations, examines the successes and failures of Russia’s air operation in Syria. He identifies the key structural changes and capability upgrades that made the operation possible. The operation allowed the Russian military to test new equipment and to rotate personnel through the theater of operations in order to gain battle experience. As it continued, the force became more effective, as its leaders learned how to operate in a battle environment for the first time in almost 30 years. The Russian Aerospace Forces’ actions in the conflict increased the combat effectiveness of Russia’s small contingent of forces in Syria and allowed government forces to attain success on the ground. The conduct of the operation can be used as a means of understanding the capabilities and tactics that the force may be expected to use in future operations.

Russian Air Campaign in Syria The Russian Air Campaign in Syria: A Preliminary Analysis In this CNA Occasional Paper, Anton Lavrov, a noted Russian expert on military air operations, examines ... /reports/2018/06/COP-2018-U-017903-Final_Page_01.jpg /reports/2018/06/plane%20carrier.jpg Russia Studies /centers-and-divisions/cna/rsp/russia-studies DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release: distribution unlimited. SPECIFIC AUTHORITY: N00014-16-D-5003 6/18/2018 Other requests for this document shall be referred to CNA Document Center at inquiries@cna.org. 36 COP-2018-U-017903-Final