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Reports of PRC Vessels Dumping Sewage in Philippine EEZ

/analyses/2021/12/reports-of-prc-vessels-dumping-sewage-in-philippine-eez

Examining a 2021 report alleging that more than 200 PRC vessels at anchor in the Spratly Islands were dumping sewage into the water.

by PRC-based actors, CNA examined 15 cases in which PRC actors have been accused of illegal behavior in the maritime domain between 2018 and 2021. These cases are geographically focused in the maritime areas ... /reports/2021/12/Reports-of-PRC-Vessels-Dumping-Sewage-in-Philippine-EEZ.pdf /reports/2021/12/PRC%20Vessels%20Dumping%20Sewage.jpg /images/Centers/CNA/CIP/CIP%20IllicitMaritimeActivities_Compilation-01.jpg China Studies /centers-and-divisions/cna/rsp/china-studies DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release: distribution unlimited. This work was performed under Cooperative Agreement

PRC Research Vessel Operating Dark in Indonesian Waters

/analyses/2021/12/prc-research-vessel-operating-dark-in-indonesian-waters

Examining a 2021 incident in which the Indonesian Maritime Security Agency intercepted a PRC vessel for suspected unauthorized oceanographic research.

the PRC’s official rhetoric and the illicit transnational maritime activities reportedly carried out by PRC-based actors, CNA examined 15 cases in which PRC actors have been accused of illegal behavior ... de-activated. Ryan Loomis Heidi Holz /reports/2021/12/PRC-Research-Vessel-Operating-Dark-in-Indonesian-Waters.pdf /reports/2021/12/PRC%20Research%20Vessel.jpg /images/Centers/CNA/CIP/CIP%20IllicitMaritimeActivities_Compilation-01.jpg China Studies /centers-and-divisions/cna/rsp/china-studies DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release: distribution unlimited. This work

Illegal Entering Anchoring Malaysia’s Territorial Waters

/analyses/2021/12/illegal-entering-anchoring-malaysias-territorial-waters

Examining a 2020 incident in which Malaysia’s Maritime Enforcement Agency detained six PRC-flagged fishing vessels for anchoring in its waters without permission.

the PRC’s official rhetoric and the illicit transnational maritime activities reportedly carried out by PRC-based actors, CNA examined 15 cases in which PRC actors have been accused of illegal ... /reports/2021/12/Illegal-Entering-and-Anchoring-in-Malaysias-Territorial-Waters.pdf /reports/2021/12/Illegal%20Entering%20Anchoring%20Malaysia%20Territorial%20Waters.jpg /images/Centers/CNA/CIP/CIP%20IllicitMaritimeActivities_Compilation-01.jpg China Studies /centers-and-divisions/cna/rsp/china-studies DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release: distribution unlimited. This work

Tampering with Automatic ID Systems

/analyses/2021/12/tampering-with-automatic-id-systems

Examining reports of PRC vessels allegedly shutting off or tampering with their Automatic Identification Systems to obscure illicit activities in the waters several countries.

. To examine possible contradictions between the PRC’s official rhetoric and the illicit transnational maritime activities reportedly carried out by PRC-based actors, CNA examined 15 cases in which PRC ... /Tampering-with-Automatic-Identification-Systems.pdf /reports/2021/12/Tampering-Automatic%20ID%20Systems.jpg /images/Centers/CNA/CIP/CIP%20IllicitMaritimeActivities_Compilation-01.jpg China Studies /centers-and-divisions/cna/rsp/china-studies

PRC Vessels Ramming Foreign Fishing Vessels

/analyses/2021/12/prc-vessels-ramming-foreign-fishing-vessels

Examining reports of PRC vessels allegedly ramming fishing vessels from the Philippines, Mauritania, Vietnam, Senegal, and Brazil between 2018 and 2021.

possible contradictions between the PRC’s official rhetoric and the illicit transnational maritime activities reportedly carried out by PRC-based actors, CNA examined 15 cases in which PRC actors ... /images/Centers/CNA/CIP/CIP-IllicitMaritimeActivities-01.jpg China Studies /centers-and-divisions/cna/rsp/china-studies DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release: distribution unlimited

Illicit Maritime Activity Case Studies

/analyses/2021/12/illicit-maritime-activity-case-studies

A case study of illicit maritime activities allegedly carried out by PRC actors inflict economic and environmental damage on coastal nations and violate their sovereignty.

carried out by PRC-based actors, CNA examined 15 cases in which PRC actors have been accused of illegal behavior in the maritime domain between 2018 and 2021. These cases are geographically focused ... /Centers/CNA/CIP/CIP%20IllicitMaritimeActivities_Compilation-01.jpg China Studies /centers-and-divisions/cna/rsp/china-studies Approved for public release. Unlimited distribution. This work

Illicit Maritime Activity Summary

/analyses/2021/12/illicit-maritime-activity-summary

A summary of illicit maritime activities allegedly carried out by PRC actors inflict economic and environmental damage on coastal nations and violate their sovereignty.

understanding of the contradictions between Beijing’s official rhetoric and  the illicit international maritime activities of PRC state and nonstate actors, CNA examined 15 cases in which PRC actors ... /Centers/CNA/CIP/CIP-IllicitMaritimeActivities-01.jpg China Studies /centers-and-divisions/cna/rsp/china-studies Approved for public release. Unlimited distribution. This work was performed under

Illicit Maritime Activity Summary Translations

/analyses/2021/12/illicit-maritime-activity-summary-translations

We examine gaps between the People’s Republic of China’s (PRC’s) policy and rhetoric regarding its role in the maritime environment and the PRC's illicit activities.

at hindi estado ng PRC, sinuri ng CNA ang 15 na kaso kung saan ang mga tauhan ng PRC ay naakusahan na gumagawa ng mga ipinagbabawal na aktibidad sa nasasakupang pandagat sa pagitan ng mga taong 2018 at 2021 ... %20SummaryTagalog.jpg /images/Centers/CNA/CIP/CIP-IllicitMaritimeActivities-01.jpg China Studies /centers-and-divisions/cna/rsp/china-studies PAHAYAG NG PAMAMAHAGI A. Naaprubahan para sa pampublikong pagpapalabas

Maritime Sabotage: Lessons Learned and Implications for Strategic Competition

/analyses/2021/10/maritime-sabotage-lessons-learned-and-implications-for-strategic-competition

Warring sides have undertaken sabotage operations throughout history to generate battlefield effects, with varying degrees of success.

renewed interest in the subject, CNA initiated a quick-look study to examine past instances of sabotage in order to derive lessons and best practices for the future conduct of such operations ... /reports/2021/10/MaritimeSabotage-LessonsLearned-Cover.jpg /reports/2021/10/MaritimeSabotage-LessonsLearned-Image.jpg countering Threats and Challenges /centers-and-divisions/cna/rsp/countering-threats-and-challenges This document contains the best opinion of CNA at the time of issue. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release: distribution unlimited. This work was performed under

The Future of US Alliances and Partnerships

/analyses/2021/09/the-future-of-us-alliances-and-partnerships

CNA has developed a machine learning algorithm for foreign policymakers to more precisely identify and predict alignment of allies and partners with the U.S.

The Future of US Alliances and Partnerships The Future of US Alliances and Partnerships: A Data Science Approach CNA has developed a machine learning algorithm for foreign policymakers to more ... to the long-standing topic of alliance management for advancing US national security interests. To this end, CNA is building linkages between academic disciplines and developing a more rigorous and traceable ... /The-Future-of-US-Alliances-and-Partnerships-A-Data-Science-Approach.PNG /reports/2021/09/FutureofUSAllianceandPartnerships.jpg SPPP /centers-and-divisions/cna/rsp DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release: distribution unlimited. 50