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ai with ai: The Brainy Bunch

/our-media/podcasts/ai-with-ai/season-3/3-27

In COVID-related AI news, hospitals across the US are using an AI system called Deterioration Index to provide a snapshot of patients’s risks, even though the software has not yet been validated to be effective for those with COVID-19. Meanwhile, Qure.ai has retooled its qXR system, designed for chest x-rays, to detect COVID-induced pneumonia, and a preliminary validation study with 11,000 images found a 95% accuracy in distinguishing patients with and without COVID-19. The Digital Ethics Lab at University of Oxford has provided a set of ethical guidelines (16 yes/no questions) for those making COVID-19 Digital Tracking and Tracing (DTT) systems. And Carnegie Mellon provides five interactive maps for COVID-related issues in the US. The Joint AI Center unveils Salus, a prototype AI tool for examining where COVID-19 might impact logistics and supply chains. And Reuters spends time to debunk a false claim on the relation of AI to COVID-19. In regular AI news, Washington State passes major facial recognition legislation, defining how state and local government may use facial recognition. DARPA selects Georgia Tech and Intel to lead its Guaranteeing AI Robustness against Deception (GARD) program. And the Association for the Understanding of AI launches AIhub.org, to connect the public and AI community. In research, two German Institutes investigate the roles of different neurons in neural networks, and found populations that serve different functions; in addition, these populations could be extracted to a new network without having to train the new network on the same knowledge. Research from Bar-Ilan University demonstrate human brain learning mechanisms that outperform common AI learning algorithms, to include observing the same image 10 times in a second being more effective than observing the same imagine 1000 times in one month. The book of the week comes from Matthieu Thiboust, with Insights from the Brain, which aims to provide "neuroscience chunks of information related to AI." And CBS News 60 Minutes has a report on BlueDot, the company that warned its clients about the COVID-19 outbreak a week before the CDC.

ai with ai: This is Feyn

/our-media/podcasts/ai-with-ai/season-3/3-26

Andy and Dave discuss the initial results from King’s College London’s COVID Symptom Tracker, which found fatigue, loss of taste and smell, and cough to be the most common symptoms. MIT’s CSAIL and clinical team at Heritage Assisted Living announce Emerald, a wi-fi box that uses machine learning analyzes wireless signals to record (non-invasively) a person’s vital signs. AI Landing has developed a tool that monitors the distance between people and can send an alert when they get too close. And Johns Hopkins University updates its COVID tracker to provide greater levels of detail on information in the US. In non-COVID news, OpenAI releases Microscope, which contains visualizations of the layers and neurons of eight vision systems (such as AlexNet). The JAIC announces its “Responsible AI Champions” for AI Ethics Principles, and also issues a new RFI for new testing and evaluation technologies. In research, Udrescu and Tegmark publish AI Feynman, and improved algorithm that can find symbolic expressions that match data from an unknown function; they apply the method to 100 equations from Feynman’s Lectures on Physics, and it discovers all of them. The report of the week comes from nearly 60 authors across 30 organizations, a publication on Toward Trustworthy AI Development: Mechanisms for Supporting Verifiable Claims. The review paper of the week provides an overview of the State of the Art on Neural Rendering. The book of the week takes a look at the history of DARPA, in Transformative Technologies: Perspectives on DARPA. Stuart Kauffman gives his thoughts on complexity science and prediction, as they related to COVID-19. The ELLIS society holds its second online workshop on COVID on 15 April. Matt Reed creates Zoombot, a personalized chatbot to take your place in Zoom meetings. Ali Aliev creates Avatarify, to make yourself look like somebody else in real-time for your next Zoom meeting.

ai with ai: The COVID Game of Life

/our-media/podcasts/ai-with-ai/season-3/3-25

In COVID-related AI research, Andy and Dave discuss the joint announcement from Apple and Google on creating a voluntary COVID-19 tracing system that makes use of Bluetooth and anonymous crypto keys. A report in the BMJ screened 27 recent studies describing 31 COVID prediction models and found that all of the studies had a high risk of bias and that the reported performance of the models was probably optimistic. The Allen Institute for AI has updated its COVID-19 Open Research Dataset (CORD) to include “CoViz,” an AI-powered graph visualization tool. And mathematician John Conway, creator of The Game of Life, died at 82 from complications due to COVID-19. In non-COVID AI news, the National Security Commission on AI releases its 1 st   Quarter recommendations to Congress. Google Brain introduces a deep RL algorithm to the placement optimization problem for computer chip design. And MIT has provided a hub for AI learning for K-12 students. In research, Facebook AI, Oregon State, and Georgia Institute of Technology describe efforts at combining vision and language representation learning, with ViLBERT (vision-and-language BERT), resulting in a single model that can perform multiple tasks, and even leads to improvements on single-task performance. The United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research releases its report on Swarm Robotics. A research paper from Princeton shows a prediction of life outcomes (e.g., the likelihood of layoff, material hardship, GPA, etc) is still really hard. Joseph Blitzstein and Jessica Hwang provide their 2014 edition of Introduction to Probability for free. The Marine Corps University Press freely releases its 2019 Destination Unknown, a collection of short stories written and illustrated by Marines. And the New York Times publishes a Special Report on AI.

ai with ai: Never Give Up

/our-media/podcasts/ai-with-ai/season-3/3-24

In COVID-related AI topics, Andy and Dave discuss an emerging crop (no less than three!) of COVID-19 cough detectors that attempt to diagnose the presence of COVID by various voice measurements. In a similar vein, but for different purposes, the U.S. drone maker Draganfly announces it is working with the Australian Department of Defence to produce “pandemic drones,” which can detect coughing, sneezing, and respiratory rate at a difference. Folding@home has shifted its crowdsourcing computational power toward the COVID-19 problem set. In non-COVID news items, researchers at the University of California San Francisco have used deep learning algorithms to translate human brain signals for a set of 250 unique words, by recording brain signals for sentences as patients read them. In research, Uber AI and OpenAI announces their Enhanced POET (Pair Open-ended Trailblazer), which uses a procedural environment to create problems (gaps, stumps, stairs), which the agent then learns to solve, producing a diverse range of sophisticated behaviors. DeepMind reveals Agent57, the first reinforcement learning agent capable of surpassing the human benchmark for all 57 Atari games (though it still must be trained on each individually), using Never Give Up (NGU) memory to identify new environments, as well encouraging exploration and other components. The Survey of the Week takes a look at the development of deep learning for scientific discovery. A report from the BMJ suggests that studies claiming that AI outperforms doctors are “arguably exaggerated,” with a high risk of bias identified in 58 out of 81 studies. A New Conception of War, by Ian Brown, makes the Free Book of the Week, coming from the Marine Corps University Press; among many important concepts, it stresses the importance of debate and intellectual exploration among professional warfighters. Johns Hopkins APL is hosting a virtual event on Operationalizing AI in Health on 21 April. And Intelligent Heath Inspired! seeks to hold the largest summit on 25-27 May on the use of AI in medicine, with a particular focus on COVID-19.

ai with ai: COVium-Gatherum

/our-media/podcasts/ai-with-ai/season-3/3-23

Jvion has provided an online mapping tool to view regions of the United States and see the areas most vulnerable to issues related to COVID, a “COVID Vulnerability Map.” A video clip from Tectonix uses anonymized crowdsourced data to show how Spring Breakers at one Fort Lauderdale beach spread back across the United States, to demonstrate the ease with which a virus * could * spread. A new initiative from Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School seeks to create a real-time way to get crowdsourced inputs on potential COVID infections, with “COVID Near You.” Kinsa, maker of smart thermometers, uses its information in an attempt to show county-level spread of COVID-19. On 23 March, CIFAR convened an International Roundtable on AI and COVID-19, which had over 60 particpants; among other points, the ground noted the stark gap between data that is available to governments and what is available to epidemiologists and modelers. C3.ai Digital Transformation Institute, a newly formed research consortium dedicated to accelerating applications of AI, seeks research proposals for AI tools to help curb the effects of the coronavirus. The European Commission is seeking ideas for AI and robotic solutions to help combat COVID-19. The New York Times builds the first U.S. county-level COVID-19 database. Complexity Science Hub Vienna compiles a dataset of country- and U.S. state-policy changes related to COVID-19. The Stanford Institute for Human-Centered AI convenes  a virtual conference on 1 April on COVID-19 and AI. And the ELLIS Society sponsors an online workshop on COVID-19 and AI. Finally, AI with AI producer John Stimpson interviews Dr. Alex Wong, co-founder of Darwin.AI and Euclid Labs, on COVID-Net, an open-sourced convolutional neural network for detecting COVID-19 in chest x-rays.

ai with ai: RIDE of the COV-all-cures

/our-media/podcasts/ai-with-ai/season-3/3-22

In COVID-related news, Andy and Dave discuss CloseLoop.ai and its release of an open-source toolkit for predicting people vulnerable to COVID-19. A Korean biotech company, Seegene, announces that it has used AI to create a coronavirus test. DarwinAI and research at the University of Waterloo announce COVID-Net, a convolutional neural network for detecting COVID-19 in chest x-rays. In non-COVID news, the White House releases its first annual report on AI. The U.S. intelligence community describes its interest in using explainable and interpretable AI. And Microsoft introduces a checklist that attempts to bridge the gap between the AI ethics community and ML practitioners. And House Science Committee members introduce the National AI Initiative Act, which aims to accelerate and coordinate federal investments in AI. In research, the NIH monitors brains replaying memories in real time, by examining neuron firing patterns for word pattern association (such as camel and lime). Facebook AI Research announces Rewarding Impact-Driven Exploration (RIDE), where agents are encouraged to take actions that have significant impact on the environment state. Researchers from the WHO and other institutions examine the landscape of AI applications to COVID-19. Andrea Gilli publishes The Brain and the Processor: Unpacking the Challenges of Human-Machine Interaction, a collection of papers on the topic. And David Foster’s book on Generative Deep Learning becomes available for free.

ai with ai: We’ve Got You COVID

/our-media/podcasts/ai-with-ai/season-3/3-21

Not surprisingly, COVID-19 has taken over the news section, but still as it all relates to AI and machine learning. Andy and Dave discuss the COVID-19 Open Research Data Set, a free resource of over 29,000 scholarly articles on the coronavirus family, made available for the Allen Institute, CSET, CZI, Microsoft Research, NIH, and the White House OSTP. In similar news, over 100 organizations have signed a “wellcome statement” to make COVID-19 research and data open for access. The New England Complex Systems Institute provides a host of pandemic resources online. The CDC is using machine learning to forecast COVID-19 (adapting its efforts in forecasting influenza outbreaks). And Anodot launches a public machine learning-driven service to track COVID-19. In research, somehow not COVID-19 related, Google Brain and Google Research demonstrate Auto-ML Zero, which discovers complete machine learning algorithms by using basic mathematical functions as building blocks. The report of the week comes from Complex Multilayer Networks Lab along with Harvard, which provides a COVID-19 Infodemics Observatory, processing more than 100M tweets to quantify various sentiments as well as reliability of information from around the globe (with Singapore topping the list for most reliable information). David Barber provides Bayesian Reasoning and Machine Learning for free. And the Bipartisan Commission on Biodefense and Max Brooks provide Germ Warfare: a Very Graphic History (published in 2019).

ai with ai: NOAA’s Arcade

/our-media/podcasts/ai-with-ai/season-3/3-20

In news items, Andy and Dave discuss an effort by Boston Children’s Hospital to use machine learning to help track the spread of COVID-19. Meanwhile, a proposal from researchers wants to use mobile phones to track the virus’s spread. Fifty-two organization have come together to develop the “first-ever industry-led” standard for AI in healthcare. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) announces its AI strategy. And IBM and Promare begin sea trials for Mayflower, an autonomous ship that, later this year, will make the reverse of the 1620 Mayflower transit, completely unmanned. In research, Google and Columbia University enable a robot to teach itself how to walk with minimal human intervention (bounding the terrain, and making the robot’s trial movements more cautious). Researchers at Harvard, MIT CSAIL, IBM-Watson-AI Lab, and DeepMind introduce CLEVRER (Collision Events for Video Representation and Reasoning), a diagnostic video dataset for the evaluation of models on a wide range of reasoning tasks. And DeepMind proposal a new reinforcement learning technique that models human behavior, using a gifting game in which agents learn to trust each other. The Berkman Klein Center at Harvard updates its data map of Ethical and Rights-based approaches to Principles for AI. The Center for the Study of the Dragon releases its likely last paper, Unarmed and Dangerous, which looks at how non-weaponized drones can still have lethal effects. Cansu Canca has provided a database and interface that looks at global dynamics of AI principles. Mario Alemi provides the book of the week, with the Amazing Journey of Reason: from DNA to AI. And the livestream talks from the 34th AAAI Conference are now available online.

ai with ai: Dyson's Punch-out!!

/our-media/podcasts/ai-with-ai/season-3/3-19

In news, Andy and Dave discuss announcements from two Chinese firms that have developed AI that can identify COVID-19 infections with high accuracy. And the Francis Crick Institute makes DeepMind's AlphaFold data on COVID-19 available for free access to researchers. Scientists at the University of Southampton and the University of Padova demonstrate that artificial and biological neurons can communicate over the internet (using memristors). Researchers at the University of Miguel Hernandez develop a new brain implant that bypasses eye and optical nerves and sends visual signals straight to the brain's visual cortex. DARPA announces the winners of the second circuit of its Subterranean Challenge (with CoSTAR taking the honors). And DARPA also kicks off its ASIST (Artificial Social Intelligence for Successful Teams) program. In other news, Freeman Dyson has passed away, at the age of 96; Andy recommends Dyson's talk from 2014 on "Are Brains Analogue or Digital?" among many other works by the late physicist. In research, UC Berkeley demonstrates that deep learning reinforcement algorithms can be attacked and made to malfunction through their policies that govern overall behavior. Researchers at Northwestern University create the first decentralized algorithm with collision-free (and deadlock-free) movement for a swarm of agents (over 1,000 robots virtually, and 100 real robots in a lab). A report from Stanford Law School and the NY University School of Law examines the use of AI across all U.S. federal administrative agencies. Frontiers in Robotics and AI provides a review and discussion of the challenges in successfully developing swarms of Micro Air Vehicles (MAVs). The Army Futures Command publishes Non-simplicity: The Warrior's Way. And Georgia Tech shines the spotlight on its music playing and improvising robot, Shimon.

ai with ai: Overthought Plumbing

/our-media/podcasts/ai-with-ai/season-3/3-18

The U.S. Department of Defense Chief Information Officer formally announces that DoD will adopt the Defense Innovation Board’s recommendations on five principles for AI. MIT research have used machine learning to discover a new antibiotic, which they named Halicin. Researchers develop a quantum dot nanoscale device that acts like the brain’s visual cortex to “see” things in its path. The Creative Commons submits its comments to the World Intellectual Property Organization, suggesting that copyright is fundamentally centered on human creativity, and that new rights for AI-generated content would be inappropriate. Researchers at Leiden University construct a Hazardous Object Identifier to identify 11 asteroids that “can hit the world.” And an analyst suggests creating AI of the U.S.’s founding fathers to gain their views on current issues. In research, Google and the Allen Discovery Center publish research on neural cellular automata, which demonstrate the ability to maintain the shape and structure of a greater “organism.” CSBA takes a look at exploiting AI and autonomous systems in Mosaic Warfare. MIT releases one of the first books on cellular automata, Cellular Automata Machines, by Toffoli and Margolus. A new open access journal comes online: Human-Machine Communication. Gary Marcus publishes a paper that looks ahead for the next decade in AI, and identifies four steps toward “robust” AI. “The Brains Behind AI” provides 2-minute snapshots into Canada’s AI researchers. And an artist uses 99 phones to trick Google maps into a traffic jam alert – both Andy and Dave can’t quite get the Star Trek quote correct, which is “the more they overthink the plumbing, the easier it is to stop up the drain.”