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ai with ai: The Little Ingenuity That Could

/our-media/podcasts/ai-with-ai/season-4/4-20

Andy and Dave discuss the latest AI news including, Mars landing of the Perseverance and its AI-related capabilities, along with its mini-helicopter, Ingenuity. Researchers from Liverpool use machine learning to predict which mammalian hosts can generate novel coronaviruses. Researchers from Estonia and France create artificial human genomes using generative neural networks. A coalition of over 40 organizations have written a letter to ask that President Biden ban the federal use of and funding of facial recognition technology. The law firm Gibson Dunn releases a 2020 Annual Review of AI and Automated Systems, which also contains a great summary of policy and regulatory developments in the last year. In research, scientists at the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation in Australia use AI to manipulate human behavior, steering participants toward particular actions. Researchers in the Netherlands demonstrate that predictive coding in recurrent neural networks naturally arises as a consequence of minimizing energy consumption. Research in Nature Communications demonstrates a multisensory neural networks that integrates information from all five human senses. The report of the week comes from CSET author Matthew Mittlelsteadt, which describes AI Verification: Mechanisms to Ensure AI Arms Control Compliance. The first book of the week comes from Moritz Hardt, on Patterns, Predictions, and Actions: A story about machine learning. And the fun site of the week takes a look at the works of painter Wassily Kandinsky, who was also a synesthete (experiencing the fusion of the senses), and offers insights into what he might have heard from looking at his paintings. The second book of the week provides some great information on Synaesthesia – Opinions and Perspectives.

ai with ai: The Low-Res Valley

/our-media/podcasts/ai-with-ai/season-4/4-19

In AI news, researchers from the University of Copenhagen develop a machine learning model that estimates the chances of risk of death due to COVID at various stages of a hospital stay, including a 80 percent accuracy whether a patient with COVID will require a respirator. The Joint AI Center has a double-announcement, with the Tradewind Initiative, which seeks to develop an acquisition ecosystem to speed the delivery of AI capabilities, and with Blanket Purchase Agreements for AI testing and evaluation services. Kaggle publishes a survey on the 2020 State of Data Science and ML, which examines information from ~2000 data scientists about their jobs and their experiences. PeopleTec releases an “Overhead MNIST,” a dataset containing benchmark satellite imagery for 10 categories (parking lots, cars, plans, storage tanks, and others). Epic’s Unreal Engine introduces the MetaHuman Creator for release later this year, which purports to create ultra-realistic visuals for virtual human characters; Andy uses the moment to describe the “Uncanny Valley,” which the Epic tech might manage to leap out of. And researchers from Carnegie Mellon and George Washington show that, like language transformers, image representations contain human-like biases. In research, researchers at the Israel Institute of Technology create a Ramanujan Machine, which can generate conjectures for mathematical constants, without proof. Researchers demonstrate initial steps of reconstructing video from brain activity. The report of the week examines U.S. public opinion on AI, with views on declining support for development and divided views on facial recognition. DeepMind London approaches the topic of common sense from the viewpoint of animals. And the book of the week comes from the author of the aforementioned paper, Murray Shanahan, and his 2010 book Embodiment and the Inner Life.

ai with ai: D.E.R.Y.L.

/our-media/podcasts/ai-with-ai/season-4/4-18

In news, Andy and Dave discuss a machine learning algorithm from Synergies Intelligent System and Universität Hamburg that can identify people in a moving crowd who are mostly likely asymptomatic carriers of COVID-19. US lawmakers have introduced the Public Health Emergency Privacy Act, to boost privacy protections for COVID-19 technology such as tracing apps and vaccine scheduling apps. A team led by researchers from Oxford have introduced new reporting guidelines to bridge a gap in development to implementation when using clinical AI technologies, dubbed DECIDE-AI. Over 30 authors from a wide swath of organizations have proposed a “living benchmark” to evaluate progress in natural language generation, which they call GEM (Generation, Evaluation, and Metrics). And the combination we saw coming, research from Queen Mary University demonstrate a deep learning framework for detection of emotion using wireless signals. Researchers at the University of Virginia claim to detect physiological responses to racial bias with 76.1% accuracy, though it more focuses on exploring any link between mental associations of skin color. In research, Stanford researchers explore how learning and evolution occur in complex environments, and how they affect the diversity of morphological forms, with DERL (Deep Evolutionary Reinforcement Learning). Researchers from University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, introduce GANs for editing images via their latent space, which provides greater control over editing (e.g., editing a mouth without re-generating the entire face). And in the video of the week, a 12-minute video provides a short history on DARPA with highlights on many of its military robot programs. Listener Survey

ai with ai: Tempus Fluit

/our-media/podcasts/ai-with-ai/season-4/4-17

In COVID-related AI news, Andy and Dave discuss research from Texas &AM, Wisconsin-Milwaukee, and SNY Binghamton, which demonstrates an automatic system for monitoring the physical distance and face mask wearing of construction workers; demonstrating how surveillance is rapidly becoming a widely available commodity technology. In regular news, the National Security Commission on AI releases its draft final report, which makes sweeping recommendations on AI as a constellation of technologies. The nominee for Deputy Secretary of Defense, Kathleen Hicks, mentions AI and the JAIC at several points during her testimony. The Information Technology & Innovation Foundation releases a report on “Who Is Winning the AI Race,” using 30 different metrics to assess nations’ progress in AI. Amnesty International launches a campaign against facial recognition, dubbed “Ban the Scan.” And Scatter Lab pulls its Korean chatbot Lee Luda, after it started responding with racist and sexist comments to user inputs. In three “quick” research items, researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School show that single neurons can encode information about others’ beliefs. Researchers at MIT and the Institute of Science and Technology Austria introduce a new class of time-continuous recurrent neural network models, which they dub liquid time-constant networks; the approach reduces the size of networks by nearly two orders of magnitude for some tasks. And researchers at the University of Toronto, Microsoft Research, and Cornell University show that Maia, a custom version of AlphaZero, can learn to predict human actions, rather than the most likely winning move. The report of the week looks at The Immigration Preferences of Top AI Researchers. And the book of the week contains almost 40 chapters and 60 authors on a variety of special operations-related topics, in Strategic Latency Unleashed. Listener Survey

ai with ai: Sokoban, and Thanks for All the Fish!

/our-media/podcasts/ai-with-ai/season-4/4-16

In COVID-related AI news, Andy and Dave discuss a machine learning transformer model from Facebook AI and the NYU School of Medicine that uses x-rays to determine whether a COVID patient might need more intensive care. A for-pay report from Synced provides a survey of China’s AI efforts in response to COVID-19. In regular AI news, European Parliament members adopt guidelines for military and non-military uses of AI. Meanwhile, the UK Competition and Markets Authority cautions that algorithms can damage online competition and should face regulatory scrutiny. Researchers at NOIRLab use machine learning to identify just over 1200 potential new gravitational lenses. Researchers at Harvard use fish-inspired robots to demonstrate coordinated swarm movements without any outside control. Nature provides reflections from various authors on AI. And the AI Newsletter compiles a list of the 100 most influential people in AI. In research topics, researchers at Cornell demonstrate a curriculum strategy to solve hard Sokoban (the “warehouse man” game) problems, and builds on a pool of sub-tasks. And in a similar, but unrelated effort, researchers at Berkeley and Google Research create a trio of agents to create challenging but feasible environments for the primary agent, the protagonist to navigate; they use an antagonist agent, which tries to create hard environments, while a third agent maximizes the differential between the other two agents, which keeps the tasks just at the edge of the protagonist’s ability to solve. An article in the Journal of AI Research demonstrates that containment of a superintelligence is impossible, due to fundamental limits inherent in computing itself. And finally, Chitta Ranjan provides the book of the week, in Understanding Deep Learning: Application to Rare Event Prediction

ai with ai: How Machines Judge Humans

/our-media/podcasts/ai-with-ai/season-4/4-15

In COVID-related AI news, Andy and Dave discuss research that uses NLP to predict mutations in a virus that would allow it to avoid detection by antibodies. In regular AI news, the US Food and Drug Administration publishes an Action Plan for AI and ML, with more to follow. The White House launches the National AI Initiative Office, which will work with the private sector and academia on AI initiatives. The AI Now institute has launched an effort for “A New AI Lexicon,” in which it invites contributors to provide perspectives and narratives for describing new vocabulary that adequately reflects demands and concerns related to AI technology. And the Federal Reserve is asking for comments about the use of AI/ML in banking, as it considers increasing oversight of the technologies. In research, Michal Kosinski at Stanford University publishes in Nature Reports how facial recognition technology can identify a person’s political orientation (to 72% accuracy); Andy and Dave spend some extra time discussing the challenges and implications behind such applications of facial recognition technology. Researchers at Columbia University demonstrate the ability of an AI observer to “visualize the future plans” of an actor, solely through visual information. The report of the week comes from CNAS on AI and International Stability: Risks and Confidence-Building Measures. The book of the week examines How Humans Judge Machines. And finally, a YouTube documentary from Noclip examines how machine learning plays out in Microsoft’s Flight Simulator.

ai with ai: The Persistence of Memor-E

/our-media/podcasts/ai-with-ai/season-4/4-14

In COVID-related AI news, Andy and Dave discuss an editorial in The Lancet Digital Health, which examines whether preliminary models add clinical value to health-care systems. In regular AI news, an Italian court rules that the European food delivery app Deliveroo used a “discriminatory” algorithm, potentially opening the door for liability even with unintentional algorithmic discrimination. A study from Google, OpenAI, Apple, Stanford, Berkeley, and Northeastern shows that large language models trained on public data can expose personal information, by making it possible to extract specific pieces of training data. In research, OpenAI combines the mini-GPT algorithm DALL-E with an image-to-text algorithm CLIP, to create an extremely powerful and flexible generative model, capable of generating high-quality images based on text instructions. The report of the week comes from the Connections 2020 Conference proceedings, which examined Representing AI in Wargames. The survey of the week looks at neural network interpretability. Kevin Murphy provides the book of the week, with Probabilistic Machine Learning: An Introduction. And Geoff Hinton speak on Eye on AI with Craig S. Smith about his latest research and the future of AI

ai with ai: Always Look on the Bright Side of Life

/our-media/podcasts/ai-with-ai/season-4/4-13

In COVID-related news, Andy and Dave discuss a commercial AI model from Biocogniv that predicts COVID-19 infection using only blood tests, with a 95% sensitivity and a 49% specificity. In a story that highlights the general challenge with algorithms, Stanford reported challenges in using a rules-based algorithm to determine priority of vaccine distribution, when it omitted front-line doctors from initial distribution. In non-COVID AI news, Vincent Boucher and Gary Marcus organize a second “AI Debate” on the topic of Moving AI Forward: An Interdisciplinary Approach, which included Daniel Kahneman, Christof Koch, Judea Pearl, Fei-Fei Li, Margaret Mitchel, and many others. Reuters reports that Google’s PR, policy, and legal teams have been editing AI research papers in order to give them a more positive tone, and to reduce discussions of the potential drawbacks of the technology. And Microsoft patents a “chat bot technology” that would seek to reincarnate deceased people. In research, Google announces MuZero, which masters chess, Go, shogi, and the Atari Learning Environment by planning with a learned model (and no information on the rules). Jeff Heaton provides the book of the week, with Applications of Deep Neural Networks. A survey paper from four universities looks at Data Security for Machine Learning. Another survey paper examines how researchers develop and use datasets for machine learning research. And the ConwayLife.com community celebrates the 50th anniversary of the Game of Life, to include an online simulator called the Exploratorium.

ai with ai: Pork Rewinds

/our-media/podcasts/ai-with-ai/season-4/4-r

Just in time for the holidays, Andy and Dave look back and some of the more memorial AI-related stories from 2020. They begin with the passing of mathematician John Conway, creator of The Game of Life, who died in April at 82 from complications due to COVID-19; Andy and Dave will talk more about The Game of Life in next week’s podcast. With an example of how not to use AI, in July, the International Baccalaureate Educational Foundation turned to machine learning algorithms to predict student grades, due to COVID-related cancelations of actual testing, much to the frustration of numerous students and parents. Also in July, over 1400 mathematicians signed and delivered a letter to the American Mathematical Society, urging researchers to stop working on predictive-policing algorithms. In September, Elon Musk demonstrated the latest iteration of Neuralink, complete with pig implantees. And finally, Andy and Dave examine the GPT family algorithms with a discussion on GPT-2 and GPT-3.

ai with ai: The 4-Bit Blopera

/our-media/podcasts/ai-with-ai/season-4/4-12

In COVID-related AI news, Andy and Dave discuss the results of the C3.ai COVID-19 challenge. In regular AI news, the US Air Force announces an AI, ARTUµ, controlling a military plane for the first time. A Nature publication shows the AI collaboration links between institutions based on the last 5 years. The IBM T.J. Watson Research Center publishes research on 4-bit training of deep neural networks to accelerate the process. Researchers at Oregon State University publish advances with a new type of optical sensor that can naturally detect moving objects. And the Naval Surface Warfare Center at Crane along with ONR announce a prize challenge for AI in Small Unit Maneuver (AISUM). In meta-research, researchers create a graph-based toolkit for analysis and comparison of games. Other research examines the fossil records to discover patterns in Earth’s biological mass extinction events. In the book of the week, the US Army War College Class of 2020 publishes an Estimation of Technological Convergence. György Buzsáki’s The Brain from the Inside Out takes a different look at how the brain functions. And for the holidays, Andy and Dave play around with Google’s blob opera singers.