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Improving Knowledge About SNAP

/analyses/2020/06/improving-knowledge-about-snap

The Presidential Charter for the 13th Quadrennial Review of Military Compensation directed it to estimate the number of servicemembers who qualify for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). In this study, we use the Public Assistance Reporting Information System (PARIS), which includes information on people who receive SNAP and other federal benefits, to estimate how many active component servicemembers qualify for SNAP. The data include information from participating states and represent the most authoritative data ever used to estimate servicemembers’ enrollment in SNAP. After we control for anomalies that we conclude are an indication that a significant number of servicemembers in the PARIS data are no longer members of households receiving SNAP benefits, we conclude that between 0.08 percent and 0.42 percent of the approximately 1.1 million servicemembers stationed in the US are enrolled in SNAP at any point in time. For reference, approximately 9.6 percent of adults in the US age 18 to 59 were enrolled in SNAP in 2018. Junior enlisted members represent the largest number of SNAP recipients, and they are the most likely to be enrolled in SNAP. When we combine paygrade and dependents, servicemembers in paygrades E-2 to E-4 with three or more dependents are far more likely to be enrolled in SNAP than all other servicemembers. Even so, fewer than 5 percent of these servicemembers are enrolled in SNAP. The Army has the least restrictions on accessions with dependents and has accessed far more with several dependents in the past few years than the other services; its junior enlisted servicemembers are the most likely to be enrolled in SNAP. Junior enlisted servicemembers advance rather quickly, however, so it is likely that most of these members are receiving SNAP benefits for a relatively short period. Servicemembers who stopped receiving SNAP benefits were enrolled in SNAP in the same state for about 8 months.

Naval Integration Through History

/analyses/2020/06/naval-integration-through-history

This report is a historical examination of naval integration through the lens of five case studies. The cases span 150 years of history and include US and non-US examples. From these case studies, we derived a number of findings and recommendations to support ongoing US Marine Corps efforts to integrate with their Navy partners. Our findings focus on the tactical level, and include the need for unified command, effective training and planning, and a close examination of the littoral geographic space. We recommend that II MEF’s current integration efforts reflect these consistencies: Marines should continue to plan and train with their Navy partners, organize effectively, and seek advantage in the littoral space.

Maintaining the US led International Order

/analyses/2020/06/maintaining-the-us-led-international-order

Maritime security operations sustain and enforce the rule of law and good order at sea. Yet in an era of great power competition (GPC), do those activities support national strategy? This paper offers a structure for answering that question, placing maritime security in the context of GPC by describing competition as a function of control for the international system. The framework introduced in this paper demonstrates that maritime security is an important component of maintaining a system that benefits US security and prosperity. The framework also shows that there are two roles for maritime security in GPC—avoiding corrosion of the US-led system by great powers and avoiding corrosion caused by lesser powers. These two approaches have different implications for Navy deployment, procurement, and employment policy. Consequently, although our analysis suggests that maritime security is integral to GPC, its roles can vary, pulling resources in divergent directions according to policy priorities.

How Single Salary Compensation Impacts Military Housing

/analyses/2020/06/how-single-salary-compensation-impacts-military-housing

The director of the Quadrennial Review of Military Compensation asked CNA to examine the potential effects of an single-salary system (SSS) on the military’s privatized housing. We found that an SSS would pose serious challenges to the military’s privatized family housing projects because it would eliminate the Basic Allowance for Housing (BAH) and reduce incomes for active-duty residents.

State Policy of Russia toward Nuclear Deterrence

/analyses/2020/06/state-policy-of-russia-toward-nuclear-deterrence

In 2020, the Russian Federation released its “Foundations of State Policy” regarding nuclear deterrence. CNA has produced an informal English translation.

Improving the DOD Manpower Management Workforce

/analyses/2020/07/improving-the-dod-manpower-management-workforce

The process for determining and validating requirements, associated manpower, and the workforce mix necessary to achieve an organization’s mission requires specialized knowledge, skills, and abilities. Unlike other career fields, however, there is no common training or certification process that ensures minimum standards and competencies among personnel performing manpower functions. This project examines whether the goal of common training and standards for all personnel performing manpower management (MM) functions in DOD is achievable and desirable. We find evidence that there are MM training gaps and inefficiencies in DOD and that, in general, MM functions are similar enough to allow standardized training and education. The data necessary to show that improving the quality of MM workforces will improve MM processes and outcomes is lacking, however. We recommend that DOD collect the necessary data to further examine the impact of MM workforce quality on MM outcomes and processes.

Artificial Intelligence in Russia Issue 7

/analyses/2020/07/artificial-intelligence-in-russia-issue-7

Issue 7 for July 2020 of a CNA newsletter providing information and analysis on AI in Russia, especially AI applied to Russian military capabilities.

Artificial Intelligence in Russia Issue 6

/analyses/2020/07/artificial-intelligence-in-russia-issue-6

Issue 6 for July 2020 of a CNA newsletter providing information and analysis on AI in Russia, especially AI applied to Russian military capabilities.

US and Allied Basing Rights

/analyses/2020/07/us-and-allied-basing-rights

On June 24, 2020, CNA’s Strategy and Policy Analysis program hosted an on-the-record virtual event about Diego Garcia to discuss how developments in sovereignty politics could affect US and allied military basing rights around the world in an era of great power competition. The event featured Mauritius’ Permanent Representative to the United Nations, Ambassador Jagdish Koonjul, CNA’s vice president and general counsel, Mark Rosen, and CNA’s Strategy and Policy Analysis research program director, Nilanthi Samaranayake. Ambassador Koonjul read a prepared statement expressing Mauritius’ readiness to permit the US military to maintain its base on Diego Garcia if the Chagos archipelago returns to Mauritian administration. The speakers gave an overview of the current legal and diplomatic situation surrounding the Chagos archipelago and explored whether the US would or should maintain its current position in support of the United Kingdom. They also discussed the challenges and opportunities for future US cooperation with Mauritius in the Chagos archipelago.

Artificial Intelligence in Russia Issue 5

/analyses/2020/07/artificial-intelligence-in-russia-issue-5

Issue 5 for July 2020 of a CNA newsletter providing information and analysis on AI in Russia, especially AI applied to Russian military capabilities.