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Mass public shootings are rare relative to other forms of gun violence, but they produce disproportionate harm. These attacks generate high casualty counts in short time frames, impose lasting psychological and economic costs on communities, and undermine perceptions of safety in routine public spaces. Their apparent unpredictability makes them particularly destabilizing for local jurisdictions tasked with
prevention and response.

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  • Pages:
  • Document Number: IIM-2026-U-044400-Final
  • Publication Date: 4/6/2026