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intersections: Issue 12, January 2025

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Intersections is a CNA news digest of China’s efforts to acquire Western technology, and U.S. and partner efforts to protect that technology for national security.

the People's Republic of China's (PRC's) technology acquisition and defense industrial base development efforts, US and partner nation responses, and critical and emerging technology risks ... and target undersea capabilities more accurately." As a result, the report concluded that such sensing capabilities represent a concern for the US Navy. The US Department of Defense (DOD) also stated ... and Jiangsu Hengtong Huahai Science and Technology Ltd. (also known as "Hengtong Huahai")—have PLA ties. Dalian Maritime University: According to the Australian Strategic Policy Institute

ai and autonomy in russia: Issue 40, June 15, 2022

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Duma Committee on Information Policy, on recommender algorithms. If approved, the law would make it possible for users to turn off recommender algorithms on online platforms. The requirement can also ... defense manufacturers were running out of key microchip and semiconductor components, forcing the extraction of strictly civilian microelectronics products for use in different weapons systems ... Ministry of Defense continues to deny any dependence on foreign electronics, claiming that Russia has the ability to produce necessary products at its enterprises and industries. We wrote earlier

ai and autonomy in russia: Issue 39, May 30, 2022

/our-media/newsletters/ai-and-autonomy-in-russia/issue-39

was developed at the Central Research Institute of Precision Engineering, which is part of the Rostec state corporation, along with 50 industrial enterprises across the Russian defense sector. Ratnik gear ... high-tech and IT sanctions, which may have long-term consequences for the Russian defense sector. ERA TECHNOPOLIS MAINTAINS KEY PLACE IN MOD’S MILITARY R&D ECOSYSTEM In April 2022, MOD’s ERA ... of Defense" exhibition, an annual event that, this year, drew 200 participants from 50 military, government, and academic organizations across country. ERA showcased over 70 projects and developments

ai with ai: Just the Tip of the Skyborg

/our-media/podcasts/ai-with-ai/season-4/4-31

Andy and Dave discuss the latest in AI news, including the first flight of a drone equipped with the Air Force’s Skyborg autonomy core system. The UK Office for AI publishes a new set of guidance on automated decision-making in government, with Ethics, Transparency and Accountability Framework for Automated Decision-Making. The International Red Cross calls for new international rules on how governments use autonomous weapons. Senators introduce two AI bills to improve the US’s AI readiness, with the AI Capabilities and Transparency Act and the AI for the Military Act. Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin lays out his vision for the Department of Defense in his first major speech, stressing the importantance of emerging technology and rapid increases in computing power. A report from the Allen Institute for AI shows that China is closing in on the US in AI research, expecting to become the leader in the top 1% of most-cited papers in 2023. In research, Ziming Liu and Max Tegmark introduce AI Poincaré, an algorithm that auto-discovers conserved quantities using trajectory data from unknown dynamics systems. Researchers enable a paralyzed man to “text with his thoughts,” reaching 16 words per minute. The Stimson Center publishes A New Agenda for US Drone Policy and the Use of Lethal Force. The Onlife Manifesto: Being Human in a Hyperconnected Era, first published in 2015, is available for open access. And Cade Metz publishes Genius Makers, with stories of the pioneers behind AI.

on how governments use autonomous weapons. Senators introduce two AI bills to improve the US’s AI readiness, with the AI Capabilities and Transparency Act and the AI for the Military Act. Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin lays out his vision for the Department of Defense in his first major speech, stressing the importantance of emerging technology and rapid increases in computing power. A report from ... 16 words per minute. The Stimson Center publishes A New Agenda for US Drone Policy and the Use of Lethal Force. The Onlife Manifesto: Being Human in a Hyperconnected Era, first published in 2015

ai with ai: Lone Hacker and Child

/our-media/podcasts/ai-with-ai/season-4/4-5

In COVID-related AI news, Andy and Dave discuss the COVID-19 Grand Challenge from C3.ai. In non-COVID AI news, the Department of Defense releases its Data Strategy. The Defense Science Board publishes a report on Counter Autonomy. The National Security Commission on AI releases its 3rd Quarter interim report and recommendations. The Center for Security and Emerging Technology releases a report on Building Trust through Testing. And the US Patent and Trademark Office publishes the responses to its initial queries, in Public Views on AI and Intellectual Property Policy. Researchers from MIT and Berkeley explore the idea that children’s learning has analogy to hacking, by making code better through an open-ended set of goals and activities. Nathan Benaich and Ian Hogarth release the State of AI Report 202, which examines the latest developments in AI research across a variety of areas (such as observing that only 15% of papers publish their code). And Taylor and Dorin publish Rise of the Self-Replicators: Early Visions of Machines, AI and Robots that Reproduce and Evolve.

In COVID-related AI news, Andy and Dave discuss the COVID-19 Grand Challenge from C3.ai. In non-COVID AI news, the Department of Defense releases its Data Strategy. The Defense Science Board ... on Building Trust through Testing. And the US Patent and Trademark Office publishes the responses to its initial queries, in Public Views on AI and Intellectual Property Policy. Researchers from MIT ... Executive Summary DoD Defense Science Board: Counter Autonomy: Executive Summary 16 page report National Security Commission on AI: Interim Report and 3rd Quarter Recommendations 15

Understanding Gender and Violent

/reports/2021/04/understanding-gender-and-violent

The Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Special Operations/Low Intensity Conflict – Stability and Humanitarian Affairs (OASD (SO/LIC-SHA)) asked CNA to study the role of women and gender in both violent extremist organizations (VEOs) and US counterterrorism (CT) and counter violent extremism (CVE) operations (hereafter CT/CVE). Our research demonstrates that the dominant stereotypes about women’s roles in VEOs miss the vast majority of female activity in these groups and fundamentally fail to capture women’s lived experiences. Despite the passage of Women, Peace, and Security (WPS) legislation in the US, we found that internal DOD activities that are truly gender considered are severely limited, lack nuance, and are not institutionalized. External US CT/CVE efforts do not consider the roles men or women play from a nuanced perspective, and they are disproportionately influenced by a set of gender stereotypes that shape expectations of men and women’s roles. Much of the current DOD approach can be traced to misunderstanding gender as a concept. This report provides an analysis of the gaps, risks, and opportunities for the Department of Defense (DOD) on understanding women and gender in extremism, and integrating a gender considered approach to CT/CVE.

Understanding Gender and Violent Understanding Gender and Violent Extremism The Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Special Operations/Low Intensity Conflict – Stability ... , risks, and opportunities for the Department of Defense (DOD) on understanding women and gender in extremism, and integrating a gender considered approach to CT/CVE. The Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Special Operations/Low Intensity Conflict – Stability and Humanitarian Affairs (OASD (SO/LIC-SHA)) asked  CNA to study the role of women and gender in both violent extremist

Assessing the Implications of Possible Changes to Women in Service Restrictions

/reports/2012/assessing-the-implications-of-possible-changes-to-women-in-service-restrictions

This report from 2012 examined how changing the policy of excluding women from ground combat service could affect the Marine Corps’ recruiting, manpower management and training processes.

changing the policy of excluding women from ground combat service could affect the Marine Corps’ recruiting, manpower management and training processes. Current Department of Defense (DOD) policies ... to (1) help inform a decision about whether to change them and (2) better understand how policy changes could affect the Corps’ recruiting, manpower management, and training processes. As part of our ... . Comparison of opinions about prospective policy changes Overall, we found that for each major group of respondents (including men and women, and across ranks/paygrades): Respondents were more

ai and autonomy in russia: Issue 36, April 18, 2022

/our-media/newsletters/ai-and-autonomy-in-russia/issue-36

and will be submitted for approval in 2023. Borisov also reported that the Russian government is working on import substitution, and that despite the global sanctions, the implementation of the state defense orders remains a top priority for the Russian defense industry. Borisov’s claim about the development of AI and robotic systems is in line with the earlier trajectory of Russian high-tech military ... in Ukraine for future designs and platforms. Many Russian defense industries and R&D institutions are, at least outwardly, committed to the development of additional systems; funding and logistics were

china ai and autonomy report: Issue 17, June 16, 2022

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The China AI and Autonomy Report, issue 17, is a biweekly newsletter published by CNA, on artificial intelligence and autonomy in China.

warfare. One article, referencing the Defense Advanced Research Project Agency’s “Mosaic Warfare” project, argues that future warfare will be characterized by self-organizing human-machine systems ... humans and machines to be combined and rearranged to form new links that will overcome the limitations of traditional chain of command structures. Referencing the US Defense Advanced Research Project ... changes." Source: CCTV-7: Defense Review Weekly , June 7, 2022, https://www.js7tv.cn/video/202206_279699.html . PLA exercises involve robot dogs. CCTV-7, the PRC's official television station

ai and autonomy in russia: Issue 41, June 27, 2022

/our-media/newsletters/ai-and-autonomy-in-russia/issue-41-a

flight in 2025 According to sources in Russia’s defense sector who spoke to the TASS News Agency, an advanced deck-based unmanned aerial vehicle is scheduled to make the first test flight in 2025 ... , Defense Minister Shoigu said that this company will be able to produce deck-based drones and helicopter-type UAVs. In February 2022, Kronstadt announced that its Sirius long-range military drone concept ... manufacturing is scaled up by the Russian defense industry. Rostec designs new UAV navigation system to counter electronic warfare, and admits to TWO loitering munitions used in Ukraine