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Single Salary Analysis

/analyses/2019/08/single-salary-analysis

This report presents our findings on identifying and prioritizing the potential second- and third-order effects of the Department of Defense (DOD) moving to a single-salary system (SSS) for military compensation. We identified more than 25 potential effects in six broad areas: housing and food arrangements, retention and separation pays, changes in the dependency ratio, family and dependent benefits, income support programs, and other effects. The report provides information, for each effect, on the number of people potentially affected, budget costs, and potential risks to readiness, based on an extensive literature and policy review and conversations with subject-matter experts from across DOD and the services. We recommend that DOD undertake additional analysis in the areas of housing and food arrangements and retention and separation pays. We also recommend that DOD consider the potential effects of an SSS on military marriage rates and the dependency ratio. We provide a number of topics for further research that will help DOD think through the implications of moving to an SSS.

of moving to an SSS. The director of the 13th Quadrennial Review of Military Compensation (QRMC) asked CNA to carry out three tasks:      1. Identify potential second- and third-order effects ... /centers-and-divisions/cna/rfr/marine-corps-and-defense-workforce-program DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release: distribution unlimited. Specific Authority. To protect information

Plan for a Space Force Executive Summary

/analyses/2019/08/plan-for-a-space-force-executive-summary

In response to growing concerns regarding the United States’ ability to outpace adversaries in space and to ensure continued space superiority, the U.S. Congress mandated several space-related reviews and studies in the 2018 National Defense Authorization Act (FY18 NDAA) (Public Law 115-91).

Hoar Eileen Chollet /reports/2019/08/SpaceForceExecutiveSummary.pdf /reports/2019/08/SpaceForce_ExecSum%20Cover.jpg /images/Centers/CNA/OW/ORM/SpaceForce_CoverArt_3.37X5.jpg Organizations, Roles and Missions /centers-and-divisions/cna/ow/organizations-roles-and-missions 10 Plan for a Department of the Space Force Kory Fierstine Chao Pan Mark Rosen

Russian Military Expenditure

/analyses/2019/10/russian-military-expenditure

In this CNA occasional paper, Richard Connolly provides a purchasing power parity (PPP)-based estimate of Russian military expenditure that (a) approximates the real scale of resources allocated to military expenditure in Russia and (b) is readily comparable with PPP-adjusted military expenditure in other countries. Connolly makes several key arguments. First, the use of PPP-based estimates reveals the level of Russian military expenditure to be considerably higher than market exchange rate-based estimates. Second, PPP-based estimates show that the rate of growth of Russian military expenditure is slower than that suggested by market exchange rate-based estimates. The rate of growth over the last decade was lower than in other “emerging” powers, such as China and India. Third, after adjusting PPP-based estimates of total military expenditure for imported military equipment, Russia has held a steady position as the world’s fourth largest military spender behind the United States, China, and India. Fourth, although Russian military expenditure has grown quickly relative to the US and other high-income countries, such as the United Kingdom, France, and Japan, it has grown at a slower rate than other low- and middle-income emerging powers, such as China, India, and Saudi Arabia.

Russian Military Expenditure Russian Military Expenditure in Comparative Perspective: A Purchasing Power Parity Estimate In this CNA occasional paper, Richard Connolly provides a purchasing power parity (PPP)-based estimate of Russian military expenditure that (a) approximates the real scale of resources allocated to military expenditure in Russia and (b) is readily comparable with PPP-adjusted ... /IOP-2019-U-021955-Final.pdf /reports/2019/10/IOP-2019-U-021955-Final.png /reports/2019/10/russia%20soldier.png Russia Studies /centers-and-divisions/cna/rsp/russia-studies DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved

Russian Army Organization and Modernization

/analyses/2019/10/russian-army-organization-and-modernization

In this CNA occasional paper, Aleksei Ramm, one of Russia’s leading military journalists, discusses the evolution and modernization of the Russian Army over the past decade. This report examines the major reforms that redefined the Army’s mission and capabilities, including the dramatic reconfiguration of the service’s organizational relationships and management system and the extensive modernization of weaponry, C4ISR, and other capabilities. The paper outlines the evolution of Russian Army military technology and the associated changes in how the ground forces execute their tactics, techniques, and procedures today. The report also discusses the implications of these changes for the future operational readiness of the Russian military.

Russian Army Organization and Modernization The Russian Army: Organization and Modernization In this CNA occasional paper, Aleksei Ramm, one of Russia’s leading military journalists, discusses the evolution and modernization of the Russian Army over the past decade. This report examines the major reforms that redefined the Army’s mission and capabilities, including the dramatic reconfiguration ... /IOP-2019-U-021801-Final.PNG /reports/2019/10/collage.PNG Russia Studies /centers-and-divisions/cna/rsp/russia-studies DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release: distribution unlimited. 60

Population Representation in the Military Services-Fiscal Year 2019 Summary Report

/analyses/2019/12/population-representation-in-the-military-services-fiscal-year-2019-summary-report

This summary of the 2019 Population Representation in the Military Services (PopRep) report highlights demographic and socioeconomic trends in the armed services.

. /reports/2019/12/Population%20Representation%20in%20the%20Military%20Services-Fiscal%20Year%202019%20Summary%20Report.pdf /images/Centers/CNA/RFR/Pop%20Rep%20Images/2019%20Pop%20Rep%20Summary%20Cover.jpg /reports/2019/12/2019%20Pop%20Rep%20Cover%20Image.jpg Marine Corps and Defense Workforce Program /centers-and-divisions/cna/rfr/marine-corps-and-defense-workforce-program 63

Common Operational Picture Technology in Law Enforcement Three Case Studies

/analyses/2019/12/common-operational-picture-technology-in-law-enforcement-three-case-studies

CNA performed case studies of common operational picture(COP) technology use in three law enforcement agencies. Our goal was to address thepaucity of research inthis fieldby providing practitioners and researchers with examples of how these law enforcement agencies have implemented and use these technologies. To do so, we conducted on-site qualitative data collection at the three sites, which revealed common themes among the sites regarding stakeholders, COP technology implementation, and theuse of certain COP technology features. This report lays the groundwork for future work by law enforcementagenciesand researchers in exploring COP technology use andimplementation in law enforcement settings. Researchers and practitioners must further study the efficacy of COP technology in achieving law enforcement goals, such as improving community response, reducing injuries, and preventing or reducing violent crime. This report is not intended to rank or evaluate the products listed. We did not test or evaluate the products. The report’s sole purpose is to provide the law enforcement community with information about how three agencies implemented and use COP technology.

Common Operational Picture Technology in Law Enforcement Three Case Studies Common Operational Picture Technology in Law Enforcement: Three Case Studies CNA performed case studies of common operational picture(COP) technology use in three law enforcement agencies. Our goal was to address thepaucity of research inthis fieldby providing practitioners and researchers with examples of how these law ... , CNA conducted interviews across three locations: the Baton Rouge Police Department, Camden County Police Department, and Chicago Police Department. Although each police department incorporates COP

Population Representation in the Military Services-Fiscal Year 2018 Summary Report

/analyses/2018/12/population-representation-in-the-military-services-fiscal-year-2018-summary-report

This summary of the 2018 Population Representation in the Military Services (PopRep) report highlights demographic and socioeconomic trends in the armed services.

. /reports/2018/12/Population%20Representation%20in%20the%20Military%20Services-Fiscal%20Year%202018%20Summary%20Report.pdf /images/Centers/CNA/RFR/Pop%20Rep%20Images/2018%20Pop%20Rep%20Summary%20Cover.jpg /reports/2018/12/2018%20Pop%20Rep%20Cover%20Image.jpg Marine Corps and Defense Workforce Program /centers-and-divisions/cna/rfr/marine-corps-and-defense-workforce-program 68

State of Russian Chinese Defense Cooperation

/analyses/2018/08/state-of-russian-chinese-defense-cooperation

In this CNA Occasional Paper, Russian East Asia expert Vasily Kashin examines the current state of Russian-Chinese defense and security cooperation, Russia’s approach to developing it, and the possible outcomes of a further Russia-China rapprochement. He highlights the historical antecedents to the unprecedently long period of close ties between the two countries, focusing on the mutual advantages derived by both countries from defense industrial cooperation. The paper describes the gradually depending nature of bilateral military cooperation across a number of domains, including arms sales and joint exercises. The paper also addresses Russia’s evolving views on China’s increasing global role and the potential for an even closer Russia-China strategic alliance in the future, concluding that although the two countries are not ready for Western-style cooperation in defense technology, they are gradually moving toward a security partnership characterized by greater integration and interdependence.

State of Russian Chinese Defense Cooperation The Current State of Russian-Chinese Defense Cooperation In this CNA Occasional Paper, Russian East Asia expert Vasily Kashin examines the current state of Russian-Chinese defense and security cooperation, Russia’s approach to developing it, and the possible outcomes of a further Russia-China rapprochement. He highlights the historical antecedents ... /DOP-2018-U-018184-Final.pdf /reports/2018/08/DOP-2018-U-018184-Final_Page_01.jpg /reports/2018/08/russian%20armored%20vehicle.jpg Russia Studies /centers-and-divisions/cna/rsp/russia-studies Distribution

Relationship-Between-Colocation-and-Reenlistment-in-the-Navy-Technical-Background

/analyses/2018/05/relationship-between-colocation-and-reenlistment-in-the-navy-technical-background

This document provides the technical background for the analysis presented in the The Relationship Between Colocation and Reenlistment in the Navy (Vol. 1) and includes the summary results and provides conclusions and recommendations.

. This document provides the technical background for the analysis presented in the CNA annotated briefing, The Relationship Between Colocation and Reenlistment in the Navy. Specifically, it contains ... /Relationship-Between-Colocation-and-Reenlistment-in-the-Navy-Technical-Background.png /images/GenericReportImage.jpg /centers-and-divisions/cna/rfr/navy-health-and-human-resources DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved

Redefining Human Control

/analyses/2018/03/redefining-human-control

This report examines the issue of human control with regard to lethal autonomy, an issue of significant interest in United Nations discussions in the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons (CCW) forum. We analyze this issue in light of lessons and best practices from recent U.S. operations. Based on this analysis, we make the case for a wider framework for the application of human control over the use of force. This report recommends that CCW discussions currently focusing on process considerations, such as human control, should instead focus on outcome—namely, mitigation of inadvertent engagements. This allows consideration of a more complete set of benefits and risks of lethal autonomy and better management of risks. The report also describes best practices that can collectively serve as a safety net for the use of lethal autonomous weapons. It concludes with concrete recommendations for how the international community can more effectively address the risk of inadvertent engagements from lethal autonomy.

in human control, particularly over the final engagement decision—the trigger pull. Drawing upon CNA’s long history of analyzing military operations, we employ empirical analysis of recent ... /reports/2018/03/DOP-2018-U-017258-Final.pdf /reports/2018/03/DOP-2018-U-017258-Final_Page_01.jpg /reports/2018/03/thinker.jpg Cyber Research Program /centers-and-divisions/cna/special-programs/cyber