Search Results

Your search for cna found 1475 results.

Prevailing Under the Nuclear Shadow

/analyses/2020/09/prevailing-under-the-nuclear-shadow

The United States has characterized today’s geopolitical environment as a “long-term, strategic competition between nations.” This competition includes renewed emphasis on the role of nuclear weapons in international affairs by the nucleararmed competitors of the US—Russia, China, and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK). These adversaries view competition with the US as having a nuclear dimension that is not confined to high-end warfare. Accordingly, the US must anticipate that nuclear weapons will play a central role in a regional conflict with any of these opponents. This reality underscores the importance of preparing policy-makers to manage escalation during a conflict taking place under the nuclear shadow. The use of nuclear weapons in a war between the US and its allies and Russia, China, or the DPRK would be not only militarily significant, but would also have major political and normative consequences. Yet practical concepts for escalation management are lacking in the post-Cold War, contemporary great power context. To fill that gap, this report proposes foundational elements for a nuclear escalation management framework. This novel framework leverages key concepts from escalation theory and risk management literature to create a structured, analytical process for US policy-makers and planners to evaluate potential courses of action (COAs) that could be employed to achieve favorable escalation management with nucleararmed competitors.

. CNA PROPOSED FRAMEWORK FOR NUCLEAR ESCALATION MANAGEMENT The proposed framework outlined in this report consists of three foundational elements for developing tailored escalation management ... /DRM-2020-U-027973-Final.pdf /reports/2020/09/CRM-2020-U-027973-Final.PNG /reports/2020/09/Prevailing%20Under%20the%20Nuclear.PNG SPA /centers-and-divisions/cna/rsp/strategy-and-policy-analysis

Enlistment Waivers

/analyses/2020/10/enlistment-waivers

Study examines the history, trends, policies, and practices involving U.S. military waivers used at both enlistment and entry-level separations, or discharges.

Management, asked CNA to identify and document the following:      1. The Services’ policies, practices, challenges, successes, and recommendations for both screening applicants who require ... and Defense Workforce Program /centers-and-divisions/cna/rfr/marine-corps-and-defense-workforce-program DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release: distribution unlimited. Public Release

AI in Russia Issue 13

/analyses/2020/10/ai-in-russia-issue-13

This report, the thirteenth in a series of biweekly updates, is part of an effort by CNA to provide timely, accurate, and relevant information and analysis of the field of civilian and military artificial intelligence (AI) in Russia and, in particular, how Russia is applying AI to its military capabilities. It relies on Russian-language open source material.

AI in Russia Issue 13 Artificial Intelligence in Russia Issue 13, October 23, 2020 This report, the thirteenth in a series of biweekly updates, is part of an effort by CNA to provide timely, accurate, and relevant information and analysis of the field of civilian and military artificial intelligence (AI) in Russia and, in particular, how Russia is applying AI to its military capabilities ... %29.png /reports/2020/10/JET.png Russia Studies /centers-and-divisions/cna/rsp/russia-studies DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release: distribution unlimited. 10/23/2020 22

AI in Russia Issue 12

/analyses/2020/10/ai-in-russia-issue-12

This report, the twelfth in a series of biweekly updates, is part of an effort by CNA to provide timely, accurate, and relevant information and analysis of the field of civilian and military artificial intelligence (AI) in Russia and, in particular, how Russia is applying AI to its military capabilities. It relies on Russian-language open source material.

AI in Russia Issue 12 Artificial Intelligence in Russia Issue 12, October 9, 2020 This report, the twelfth in a series of biweekly updates, is part of an effort by CNA to provide timely, accurate, and relevant information and analysis of the field of civilian and military artificial intelligence (AI) in Russia and, in particular, how Russia is applying AI to its military capabilities. It relies ... /centers-and-divisions/cna/rsp/russia-studies DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release: distribution unlimited. 10/9/2020 26 DOP-2020-U-028345-Final

COVID19 AND THE SAFETY OF SEAFARERS

/analyses/2020/10/covid19-and-the-safety-of-seafarers

Seafarers are an integral, if often overlooked, workforce, people who are essential both to individual communities and to the global economy. From navies and coast guards, to commercial industries such as fishing, shipping, and tourism, a healthy and valued workforce at sea is central to global stability. The COVID-19 pandemic and its unintended side effects across the blue economy have disproportionally hit seafarers, from those lacking ready access to medical care at sea, to those suffering economic damages while stranded ashore. Port state obstacles to crew rotations, isolation due to COVID-19 social distancing guidelines, restricted shore leave, extended contracts, and erratic port state guidance directly endanger mariners’ livelihoods and their mental health. The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored how readily these frontline workers can slip out of view. Mariners face immediate health risks from COVID-19 exposure, risks similar to those faced by nurses, delivery drivers, and grocery store clerks, but often serve without the dignity and resources that can come with being formally deemed essential. Yet efforts to safeguard mariners from COVID-19 differ depending on industry, in many cases with cost and risk falling squarely on the mariners themselves. What emerges from this network of interlocking risks is the need for robust action across every stakeholder group—including the public—to safeguard seafarers and society while promoting dignity and stability for a critical workforce. This policy paper, reflecting ongoing work by CNA to understand these risks to mariners, is meant to contribute to a global conversation on the risks mariners face and some of the steps necessary to protect and sustain these vulnerable workers and the societies that rely upon them.

. This policy paper, reflecting ongoing work by CNA to understand these risks to mariners, is meant to contribute to a global conversation on the risks mariners face and some of the steps necessary to protect ... , the mounting toll on mariners is stretching beyond personal exhaustion and deeper into society and the entire blue economy. This policy paper, based on ongoing CNA analysis, surveys the direct

How Moscow Understands War

/analyses/2020/11/how-moscow-understands-war

In this CNA Occasional Paper, Andrew Monaghan examines Russian military strategy. Monaghan frames an analysis of Russian military strategy in terms of sustained Russian debate about the changing character of war, especially since the mid 2010s, and how this debate has recently turned to focus on military strategy in modern conditions. It makes several key arguments. First, history permeates the contemporary Russian debate, featuring both in the way that military experience is rendered into didactic lessons of history to advance military science, and in the arc of the theoretical development of Russian military strategy—it is not possible to parse today’s discussion without knowledge of this history. Second, military strategy is specifically and clearly defined in the Russian lexicon as the “highest sphere of military art,” the art of higher command comprising the bridge between the theory and practice of war. Military strategy is explicitly subordinate to state policy. Third, there are constraints on military strategy, particularly in terms of the implementation of plans. Moscow’s re-examination of military strategy has important implications for Western audiences. While many are focused on Moscow’s measures short of war, this paper highlights the importance that the Russian military still accords the use of armed force. Moreover, it suggests the need to move beyond thinking in terms of the blurring of the lines between war and peace, to the blurring of the lines between the offensive and the defensive.

How Moscow Understands War How Moscow Understands War and Military Strategy In this CNA Occasional Paper, Andrew Monaghan examines Russian military strategy. Monaghan frames an analysis of Russian military strategy in terms of sustained Russian debate about the changing character of war, especially since the mid 2010s, and how this debate has recently turned to focus on military strategy ... /IOP-2020-U-028629-Final.pdf /reports/2020/11/IOP-2020-U-028629-Final.png /reports/2020/11/defense%20center.png Russia Studies /centers-and-divisions/cna/rsp/russia-studies DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved

AI in Russia 15

/analyses/2020/11/ai-in-russia-15

This report, the fifteenth in a series of biweekly updates, is part of an effort by CNA to provide timely, accurate, and relevant information and analysis of the field of civilian and military artificial intelligence (AI) in Russia and, in particular, how Russia is applying AI to its military capabilities. It relies on Russian-language open source material.

AI in Russia 15 Artificial Intelligence in Russia Issue 15, November 20, 2020 This report, the fifteenth in a series of biweekly updates, is part of an effort by CNA to provide timely, accurate, and relevant information and analysis of the field of civilian and military artificial intelligence (AI) in Russia and, in particular, how Russia is applying AI to its military capabilities. It relies ... /reports/2020/11/russia%20command.PNG Russia Studies /centers-and-divisions/cna/rsp/russia-studies DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release: distribution unlimited. 11/20/2020 24

AI in Russia 14

/analyses/2020/11/ai-in-russia-14

This report, the fourteenth in a series of biweekly updates, is part of an effort by CNA to provide timely, accurate, and relevant information and analysis of the field of civilian and military artificial intelligence (AI) in Russia and, in particular, how Russia is applying AI to its military capabilities. It relies on Russian-language open source material.

AI in Russia 14 Artificial Intelligence in Russia Issue 14, November 6, 2020 This report, the fourteenth in a series of biweekly updates, is part of an effort by CNA to provide timely, accurate, and relevant information and analysis of the field of civilian and military artificial intelligence (AI) in Russia and, in particular, how Russia is applying AI to its military capabilities. It relies ... /cna/rsp/russia-studies DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release: distribution unlimited. 11/6/2020 26 DOP-2020-U-028579-Final

AI Emerging Threats

/analyses/2020/11/ai-emerging-threats

In January 2017, CNA published a 300-plus page report, AI, Robots, and Swarms, that examines the conceptual, technical, and operational challenges facing the Department of Defense (DOD) as it pursues AI-based technologies. This white paper is a sequel that brings the 2017 report up to date. It begins with a brief summary of the US Federal Government’s and DOD’s most recent AI investments, the establishment of the Joint Artificial Intelligence Center (JAIC), and several significant AI-ethics-related events and trends. The rest of the paper is a long narrative that consists of three interwoven parts: Part One compares (and highlights the lack of consensus between) how the academic research community defines AI and how DOD defines it, provides a short history of AI, and offers two complementary views of AI, one as a categorical taxonomy of algorithms, the other as a field of scientific discovery; Part Two summarizes emerging themes and issues, discusses how the AI research community has responded to the COVID 19 pandemic (along with "lessons learned" for DOD), and concludes with evidence that suggests that AI/ML may be entering (or has already entered) an era of diminishing returns; and Part Three introduces a “template of a framework” designed to help bridge the gap between “understanding AI” and operationalizing its military applications. The appendices provide a stand-alone information resource that consists of over 20 high-resolution mindmaps organized around a variety of study-related topics: e.g., taxonomies of AI methods and algorithms; recent breakthroughs and milestones; and gaps, challenges, and limitations of basic AI research. The mindmaps, collectively, contain 800 plus embedded hot-link references.

AI Emerging Threats Artificial Intelligence: Emerging Themes, Issues, and Narratives In January 2017, CNA published a 300-plus page report, AI, Robots, and Swarms, that examines the conceptual, technical, and operational challenges facing the Department of Defense (DOD) as it pursues AI-based technologies. This white paper is a sequel that brings the 2017 report up to date. It begins with a brief ... /DOP-2020-U-028073-Final.png /reports/2020/11/flowchart.png AI Emerging Threats /centers-and-divisions/cna/ow/special-activities-and-intelligence Distribution: Approved for Public Release; Distribution

Superhumans: Implications of Genetic Engineering and Human-Centered Bioengineering

/analyses/2020/12/superhumans-implications-of-genetic-engineering-and-human-centered-bioengineering

Breakthroughs in genetic engineering and bioengineering to enhance human performance hold vast implications for the US military. DOD must prepare accordingly.

. David A. Broyles /reports/2020/12/Superhumans-Implications-of-Genetic-Engineering-and-Human-Centered-Bioengineering.pdf /reports/2020/12/CoverSuperhumans.jpg /images/Centers/CNA/OW/OW-SAISuperhumans.jpg Special Activities and Intelligence /centers-and-divisions/cna/ow/special-activities-and-intelligence DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release: distribution unlimited. This work