Research for Research Memoranda
October 1, 1994
Over the coming years, the U.S. military, a significant employer and trainer of young people, will continue its post-Cold War drawdown. During the reshaping of the military, the following question arises: Is it possible to reinvest some of these important resources to strengthen youth? The CNA Corporation has examined various aspects of this question during the past two years. During the first year of our work, we established a framework for assessing local possibilities for 'Strategic Reinvestment to Strengthen Youth'--redirecting military resources in the communities surrounding military bases. We were then sponsored by the Navy to apply this work in specific places that had bases targeted for closure. The objective of this second year of research was to examine the entire range of options for connecting military resources with youth in these communities. The longer range thinking was that, if this assessment process produced results valuable in localities where the Navy is now significantly decreasing its presence, it could be adapted for wider use following the 1995 base closure announcements. The communities of Oakland/Alameda, California were designated for the full assessment. We limited our detailed data-collection effort to those closing Navy installations and the surrounding communities that are closest to the Oakland/Alameda area. In this research memorandum, one of a series of four documents covering specific components of this project, we look at the political context of defense conversion planning
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October 1, 1994
Over the coming years, the U.S. military will continue its post-Cold War drawdown. During this reshaping of the military, the following question arises: Is it possible to reinvest some of the military's resources to strengthen young people? The Navy asked CNA to do a full assessment of reuse options in Oakland and Alameda, California. We collected data only on the three Navy installation and their surrounding communities that are closest to Oakland and Alameda although we did take a broad look at military and community resources throughout the San Francisco Bay Area. Our assessment has two sides, the demand or 'need' side--the community-based part--and the supply or 'resource' side--the part in which we surveyed selected military facilities. We wanted to know specific details about community needs and potential military resources and how to connect one with the other. We performed four major research efforts, and for each one we have published a comprehensive report detailing the supporting analyses. The first effort outlines the political context of defense conversion and its implications for youth and youth advocates. The next two are Bay Area youth organizations and how they might benefit from freed-up military resources. The other, Service Opportunities for Youth, assesses the many ways youth are serving their communities and how military resources could be used to further those efforts. The fourth research effort is an assessment of military buildings, people, and property items that should become availabl
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October 1, 1994
In this research memorandum, we assess the interest of youth service organizations in gaining access to, or acquiring, resources that may become available as a result of military base closures. The assessment was carried out in the San Francisco Bay Area from November 1993 through July 1994, in tandem with two other assessments: one of organizations providing services to young people, and one of local bases scheduled for closure. The overall study was commissioned by the Navy to test and refine a conceptual framework developed by The CNA Corporation for identifying possibilities for redistributing base resources to benefit young people, or, as it came to be known, Strategic Reinvestment to Strengthen Youth. See also CRMs 94-154, 94-157, and 94-159.
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October 1, 1994
In this research memorandum, we give a detailed assessment of military resources, including people, both civilian and military; useful expertise; permanent facilities, such as buildings, pools, and ball fields; and personal property items such as computers, furniture, and vocational training schools. See also CRMs 94-154, 94-155, 94-159, and 94-166.
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October 1, 1994
The Department of the Navy asked CNA to explore the idea of 'strategic reinvestment of military resources to strengthen youth.' The Bay Area was chosen because (1) many bases are scheduled for foreclosure; (2) a wealth of resources to include buildings, equipment, and skilled personnel may soon become available to local communities; and (3) many youth in this area are living under conditions of stress, physical danger, and hopelessness, in spite of the many programs and services already in place. Although the focus of this paper is 'Youth Within Communities,' we will keep in mind two questions that are addressed throughout this study: (a) Might the military be able to play a valuable and strategic role within communities by reinvesting resources as a result of the military drawdown to strengthen youth? and (b) Are Bay Area communities receptive to this type of support and collaborative intervention from the military? In this paper, we will look closely at three Bay Area communities--Alameda, Oakland, and San Francisco. For each of the three we will examine: the assessment process; the 'community pulse' or levels of community interest in youth initiatives; the issues, objectives, and perceived solutions as expressed by local individuals and groups; the common issues, objectives, perceived solutions, and the potential for collaborative efforts; and the views of the young people themselves. See also CRMs 94-154, 94-155, 94-157, and 94-166.
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September 1, 1994
In response to a request from the Commander in Chief, U.S. Atlantic Fleet (CINCLANTFLT), the Center for Naval Analyses conducted a study of the mid- and long-range importance of Latin America in U.S. Navy strategic planning, especially that of and in relation to CINCLANTFLT. The study considered the full range of hemisphere navy-to-navy relations and examined the modalities and value of activities to both the U.S. Navy and to Latin American navies. It also examined future developments for Latin American navies in light of the changing international security environment and the roles that Latin American can play. This research memorandum is one of a series of documents prepared in response to CINCLANTFLT's request. It contains the detailed analytical data supporting the study's final report. It is an extensive catalog of U.S. Navy program and dealings with Latin America and Latin Americans. In-depth analyses and extensive interview data permitted us to evaluate the scope and impact of programs and to assess their contribution to national security goals. The Navy program are divided into the following categories: (1) Political-military interaction; (2) Facility access in Latin America; (3) Exercises and other operations; (4) Operational exchanges; (5) Professional military-education programs; (6) U.S. Marine Corps activities; (7) Interoperability; (8) Security assistance; (9) Research and development; and (10) Miscellaneous.
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September 1, 1994
The Naval Doctrine Command asked the Center for Naval Analyses to examine the command and control doctrine and practice of U.S. naval forces. The purpose of this effort is to help the Command (1) refine naval doctrine and (2) participate more effectively in the development of joint doctrine. CNA's Naval Command and Control for Joint Operations project examines how current Composite Warfare Commander (CWC) and Amphibious Warfare concepts can better integrate with the command and control of joint and combined operations. One of the objectives of this study is to understand how the dynamics that drive command and control for joint and combined operations differ from those that drive the Navy's use of the CWC structure. To do this, we need to examine the following questions: (1) How did our current joint and combined command structures evolve? (2) Why did these structures take the forms that they have? and (3) What are the implications for naval forces? This research memorandum focuses on the origins and evolution of U.S. doctrine for joint, combined, and amphibious warfare. First, we discuss how doctrine developed from the initial U.S. experience at modern coalition warfare in World War I, and then through the development of techniques and doctrine for operations between the wars. Second, we examine how current doctrine arose out of World War II. Finally, we discuss some of the implications for today's naval forces.
July 1, 1994
One of the inherent features of the Medical Expense and Performance Reporting System (MEPRS) is the use of the DoD composite standard military rates as an estimate of military labor. The composite rates essentially give an average salary by paygrade. Our purpose in this analysis is to determine: (a) How well MEPRS approximates total military physician compensation in comparison to other non-medical corps officers; and (b) Whether the use of the composite rates introduces any bias to estimates of costs associated with providing types of specialty care.
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July 1, 1994
This research memorandum summarizes recent Joint Task Force (JTF) operations. We reviewed the operations at the request of CINCLANTFLT to help the fleet determine its requirements for training Navy officers and staffs in JTF operations. The goal is to extract lessons learned that define high-leverage training topics.
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July 1, 1994
This paper identifies and discusses certain issues that appear to be common to all Cost and Operational Effectiveness Analyses (COEAs). It draws from CNA's collective experience in conducting COEA-like studies as well as from longer standing principles of defense systems analysis. Each issue relates in some way to the role of cost information in the analysis. Yet at the same time, each is considerably broader than what is typically thought of as cost estimating or cost analysis. We begin with the role of COEAs in the acquisition process and a general discussion of the objectives of COEA studies and how they are put together. We then focus on the following issues: system versus decision alternatives; integrating cost and effectiveness results; wartime costs; discounting; risk and uncertainty analysis; and affordability.
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