Research for International Law

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Legal Requirements for Humanitarian Assistance Operations
April 1, 1996
This briefing presents the results of a study conducted by the Center for Naval Analyses (CNA) for the Marine Corps Combat Development Command (MCCDC) and the I Marine Expeditionary Force (I MEF). Our goal was to determine how the Marine Corps can improve its ability to conduct humanitarian assistance operations (HAOs) through changes in doctrine, organization, training and equipment. This particular briefing presents an analysis of the legal requirements of HAOs. Although HAOs occur within the United States as well as abroad, here we focus only on those legal requirements specific to foreign HAOs.
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AFP 110-31: 'International Law--The Conduct of Armed Conflict and Air Operations' And the Linebacker Bombing Campaigns of the Vietnam War
November 1, 1987
AFP 110-31, 'International Law--The Conduct of Armed Conflict and Air Operations', is the first pamphlet published by the United States Air Force on the law of war. Its purpose is to explain the principles of the law of armed conflict, particularly as they apply to air operations. Chapter 5 of the pamphlet concerns 'Aerial Bombardment' and sets forth restrictions designed to protect civilian populations from unnecessary suffering. This paper addresses these concerns by applying the standards in AFP 110-31 governing aerial bombardment to two particularly controversial aerial campaigns of the Vietnam War--Lindbacker I and Linebacker II.
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ANTICIPATING SOVIET BEHAVIOR AT THE THIRD U.N. LAW OF THE SEA CONFERENCE: USSR POSITIONS AND DILEMMAS
February 1, 1981
This paper assesses known probable Soviet positions on a number of major substantive ocean law issues and examines problems the Soviet Union will face in developing its bargaining strategy for the UN conference.
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The Soviet Union and the Reopening of the Suez Canal: Mineclearing Operations in the Gulf of Suez
February 1, 1981
This paper discusses the Soviet Union's behavior during the mineclearing operations in the Gulf of Suez and the events that preceded it in order to contribute to a fuller appreciation of the degree to which naval requirements condition Soviet policy in this area of the world.
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INFORMATION PROCESSING AND OUTCOME FORECASTING FOR MULTILATERAL NEGOTIATIONS: TESTING ONE APPROACH
July 1, 1977

This paper evaluates a data base management system for multilateral negotiations. The paper principally reports the results of two tests to determine the reliability of the project's thematic content analysis and policy-scaling techniques.

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LEGAL ISSUES IN PROTECTING OFFSHORE STRUCTURES
August 1, 1976
This paper examines what legal authority exists under which the Federal government could provide for the security and defense of structures built off the coasts of the United States for economic purposes. The legal jurisdiction of the U.S. is examined in terms of regulation, criminal law enforcement, and defense. Potential changes in U.S. authority resulting from the U.N. Law of the Sea Conference are also briefly discussed.
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Hydrofoils for the Fisheries Law Enforcement Mission of the USCG, a Cost/Effectiveness Comparison of Hydrofoils with Conventional Coast Guard Resources
March 1, 1976
The effectiveness and costs of hydrofoil craft with those of conventional Coast Guard platforms, including cutter/helicopter teams, in the performance of the fisheries law enforcement mission are compared. The comparisons are made for various fisheries law enforcement tasks considered independently of one another and of geographic considerations, and also in two specific geographic scenarios, in waters off New England and Alaska, where each platform is required to perform a specific set of tasks. The study also investigates the degree to which hydrofoils, engaged in a primary fisheries law enforcement role, could contribute to the search and rescue (SAR) mission without undue detraction from their primary role.
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ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF FEDERAL AIR, WATER, AND NOISE LEGISLATION UPON NAVAL OPERATIONS
July 1, 1974
In light of subsequent implementation by the executive branch and interpretation by the judicial branch, this research contribution examines the influence upon Naval operations of the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 and of existing and pending federal air, water, and noise legislation. In so doing, this paper suggests procedures which will better insure that the letter and the spirit of such legislation are manifested throughout the Navy in decisions concerning environmental matters.
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A LAW OF THE SEA CONFERENCE - WHO NEEDS IT?
July 1, 1974
In taking stock of the negotiations of the law of the sea, the usefulness and productiveness of the talks is being mitigated by actions taken in subcommittees and the lack of a perceptive set of tactical policies.
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'POLITICAL ASPECTS OF OCEAN ECOLOGY', A CHAPTER OF WHO PROTECTS THE OCEANS?
June 1, 1974
This paper discusses some fundamental aspects of politics, outlines the nature of the world political system and its relationship to ecological problems, and points up a number of politically derived problems in bargaining on ecological questions.
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