Research for International Diplomacy

Over the period 1955-1975 the Navy and Marine Corps played an active role in U.S. crisis management diplomacy, responding to 99 international incidents and crises, exclusive of the Vietnam War. This paper provides a summary history of these operations, focusing upon major trends in the Navy's operations over the 21-year period. Particular emphasis is given to the employment of major projection forces (aircraft carriers and amphibious units) in these responses. Brief descriptions of the 99 incidents and responses are also presented. Volume II is a classified volume containing the following: Appendix C - Summaries of Incidents and Responses, 1955-1975, Appendix D - Additional Events Which are not Included in the Main List of Responses, Appendix E - Projection Operations, Appendix F - USN and USMC Responses to International Events, 1919-1939. See also CNA Research Contribution 429 and CNA Research Memorandum 85-71.

This paper provides an overview of the present state of knowledge of parliamentary style multilateral negotiations, particularly as practiced in the U.N. General Assembly or General Assembly-sponsored conferences.

International maritime organizations are cited in a thorough discussion of their present and potential control of the exploitation of the sea in this paper.

Three existing macro-approaches to the evaluation of foreign policy alternatives are identified. It is suggested that a variant of one such approach, cost/effectiveness analysis, is the most promising candidate to effect a rigorous, systematic, comprehensive, and fundamental evaluation of U.S. Foreign policy.