Research for Force Structures

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The Intervasion of Haiti
August 1, 1996
On 19 September 1994, U.S. troops began a permissive entry into Haiti. This occurred the morning after President Clinton stopped an invasion with airborne forces already in the air. Perhaps most appropriately called an intervasion, somewhere between an invasion and intervention, Operation Uphold Democracy came almost exactly three years after the Haitian armed forces overthrew the government of Jean Bertrand Aristide, the first democratically-elected president in Haiti's turbulent history. The 1991 coup and the use of military forces to restore President Aristide fit into a long-term pattern of Haitian political instability and violence. The United States led the international intervention (intervasion) to restore the democratically elected President to power. This paper reviews Haitian-American relations and events in Haiti leading to the operation, discusses the operation through its three phases, evaluated the intervention, and describes some potential lessons to be learned from it. Table 2 provides a list of US Operations in the Caribbean, 1991-1995.
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National Security Strategy and Forward Presence: Implications for Acquisition and Use of Forces
March 1, 1994
The post-Cold War national security strategy engages U.S. power in all its form to shape a more secure world. Overseas presence--operating forces forward to influence what foreign governments think and do--is the most important and challenging of the tasks this strategy assigns the Armed Forces. This paper looks at the political and strategic case for presence and discusses some of its costs and risks. It draws conclusions about: (1) what presence means in our use of the forces we have now; and (2) what forces to buy for the future. It also suggests ways to make presence operations more efficient and issues deserving study in that regard.
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USMC Active and Reserve Force Structure and Mix Study: Volume III, Development of Alternative Structures and Estimates of Training Times
December 1, 1992
This research memorandum is the third in a set of five volumes addressing Marine Corps active and reserve force structure and mix. This volume develops an inclusive set of options that are analyzed in detail in volume IV. It also makes detailed estimates of the post-mobilization training time needed by reserve units. See also 27 920161, 27 920168, 27 920180, and 27 920182.
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USMC Active and Reserve Force Structure and Mix Study, Volume IV: Analysis of Alternative Force Structures and Mixes
December 1, 1992
This research memorandum is the fourth in a set of five volumes addressing the Marine Corps Active and Reserve Force Structure and Mix Study. This volume addresses the following aspects for each of the force mixes studied: capability to respond to future contingencies, capability to provide peacetime forward presence/rotation, reserve force sustainability, total number of personnel in active forces and the Selected Marine Corps Reserve, transition costs, and steady-state costs. The roles of the Individual Ready Reserve are also discussed. See also 27 920168, 27 920180, 27 920182, and 27 920185.
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USMC Active and Reserve Force Structure and Mix Study: Volume I: Summary
December 1, 1992
This research memorandum summarizes CNA's analysis of Marine Corps forces for the congressionally mandated Active and Reserve Force Structure and Mix Study. It discusses the historical use of the Marine Corps Reserve in the Korean and Persian Gulf Wars, legislation pertaining to Marine Corps force structure, the Marine Corps' implementation of Total Force Policy, development of alternative force structures, and preparation of reserve forces for war. It also discusses ten alternative force structures. The analysis of alternative force structures considers the capability to respond to future contingencies, peacetime forward-presence/rotation capability, reserve force sustainability, total number of personnel in active forces and the Selected Marine Corps Reserve, transition costs, and steady-state costs. See also 27 920161, 27 920168, 27 920180, and 27 920185.
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USMC Active and Reserve Force Structure and Mix Study, Volume II: History and Policy
October 1, 1992
This research memorandum is the second in a set of five volumes documenting the Marine Corps Active and Reserve Force Structure and Mix Study. This volume examines the Marine implementation of Total Force Policy and two historical uses of the Marine Corps Reserve in regional conflict (the Korean and Persian Gulf wars). See also 27 920161, 27 920180, 27 920182, and 27 920185.
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Russia's Navy From Peter to Stalin: Themes, Trends, and Debates
June 1, 1992
This research memorandum is one of a series of publications supporting a CNA project that is examining separate areas of Russian national interests and existing or potential constraints that will dictate the form and structure of any future Russian navy. It reviews the history and debates surrounding the Russian and Soviet navies from the era of Peter the Great to the death of Joseph Stalin and puts forward findings that may help the reader understand the forces that will shape Russian naval policies and programs in the decade ahead. The overall Future Russian Navy project is sponsored by the Director of Naval Intelligence.
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The Use of Requirements Data in Models of the Enlisted Force
September 1, 1989
One of the goals of the Enlisted Force Management Integration project is to study the effect on the force structure of changes in Navy policies. Requirements data are necessary both for creating a model of force structure and for modeling changes in force policy. The Enlisted Billet File is the major source of data on requirements for Navy enlisted personnel. This paper describes a number of the data elements on the file. Its purpose is to identify those data elements that are potentially useful for the project.
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Some Design Requirements for a Steady-State Force Model
August 1, 1989
This research memorandum describes the approach being used to develop an executable and cost-effective steady-state force. The issues that need to be incorporated into the derivation of a steady-state force model are addressed. The memorandum highlights, by way of examples, numerous ways in which personnel policies and billet structure may be inconsistent, thus making it impossible to execute all policies simultaneously and obtain the required force structure.
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Pretrained Individual Manpower Resources and Requirements
July 1, 1989
The Navy's pool of pretrained and obligated individuals (Individual Ready Reserve, Retirees, and Fleet Reserve) is an important component of the total manpower that would be available in wartime. This research memorandum reports the results of the Center for Naval Analyses' study of Pretrained Individual Manpower (PIM) personnel resources and the match between resources and official requirements. End-of-fiscal-year personnel inventories from 1982 to 1987 were tabulated by rating, paygrade, length of time since leaving active duty, and Navy Enlisted Classifications (NECs). Data on the geographical location of PIM personnel were used to assess Personnel Mobilization Team plans. How well the supply of PIM personnel matches currently defined demands was examined at overall and individual paygrade levels.
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