Research for Chronologies

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U.S. Employment of Naval Mines: A Chronology
April 1, 1997
During this century the United States has used naval mines both effectively and ineffectively. Naval mines first evolved as a weapon during the Revolutionary War. The United States employed them during both World Wars, most notably the North Sea Barrage in WWI and Operations Starvation in WWII. In such 'go-for-bust' global wars against peer unified rivals, naval mines significantly shaped events. The Cold war brought a different type of warfare. This report provides information about naval mines and U.S. mining operations in the Revolutionary War, Civil War, WWI, WWII, the Korean War, Vietnam, Nicaragua and the Persian Gulf War.
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A Chronology of U.S. Marine Corps Humanitarian Assistance and Peace Operations
September 1, 1994
This information memorandum provides a chronology of U. S. Marine Corps (USMC) humanitarian assistance and peace operations (HA/POs). The chronology documents 154 cases of Marine Corps HA/POs from 1811 through 1993. The information memorandum is part of a CNA study on the Marines in humanitarian assistance operations. The study is examining the Marine requirements in the areas of doctrine, organization, training, and equipment to prepare for and conduct HA/POs. These requirements are being identified through a variety of methods including (1) examining past HA/POs; (2) running humanitarian assistance seminar games; and (3) through examination of how other services and other nations approach HA/POs. The material in this information memorandum supports the study effort in several ways. First, the chronology presents a list of operations from which to choose the choice of case studies. Second, the analysis and chronology support the choice of case studies and scenarios by ensuring that the selected case studies and scenarios are representative of past operations and trends in the history of USMC HA/POs. Third, this chronology and analysis should provide one window for understanding what is--and is not--new for the USMC in conducting HA/POs.
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Who Will Do What With What? Defining U.S. Navy and Marine Corps Roles, Functions, and Missions
May 1, 1993
At the core of decision-making about U.S. military forces lies the question of what roles and function are assigned to each component of the national defense structure. In theory, resources are then distributed to reflect mission requirements. Today, the nation is in the midst of a review of mission requirements and resource allocations to national defense. This paper provides a backdrop to today's debate by examining the historical debate over 'who will do what with what.' This examination briefly reviews the debates over the U.S. military services' roles, functions, and missions. In addition to a chronological discussion, the paper highlights factors that drive roles and missions debates and relates these factors to today's debate. The discussion emphasizes the U.S. Navy and U.S. Marine Corps perspective. The intent is to provide a sense of how the U.S. military structure arrived at where it is today, thus laying a framework for examining potential alternative future structures and assignments of roles, functions, and missions.
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Russia's Navy From Peter to Stalin: Themes, Trends, and Debates
June 1, 1992
This research memorandum is one of a series of publications supporting a CNA project that is examining separate areas of Russian national interests and existing or potential constraints that will dictate the form and structure of any future Russian navy. It reviews the history and debates surrounding the Russian and Soviet navies from the era of Peter the Great to the death of Joseph Stalin and puts forward findings that may help the reader understand the forces that will shape Russian naval policies and programs in the decade ahead. The overall Future Russian Navy project is sponsored by the Director of Naval Intelligence.
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Desert Storm Reconstruction Report, Volume X: Reserve Manpower
October 1, 1991
This volume of the Desert Storm Reconstruction Report describes the Naval Reserves' contribution to Desert Shield/Desert Storm and discusses lessons learned during the operation. An overview of the Department of Defense reserve call-up and the Naval Reserves' overall contribution to various missions are provided.
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EASTERN EXIT: The Noncombatant Evacuation Operation (NEO) from Mogadishu, Somalia, January 1991
October 1, 1991

This research memorandum documents the events and discusses lessons learned from the non-combatant evacuation operation from the U.S. Embassy in Mogadishu, Somalia, in January 1991. During this operation, named 'EASTERN EXIT,' U.S. Navy and U.S. Marine Corps forces evacuated 281 people from 30 countries (including 8 Ambassadors and 39 Soviet citizens).

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US Navy Crisis Response Activity, 1946-1989: Preliminary Report
November 1, 1989
Since the end of World War II, the U.S. Navy has played a major role in at least 187 U.S. responses to international incidents and crises. This research memorandum provides a summary of these Navy crisis management operations.
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The War for the Falklands: A Chronology
August 1, 1982
This paper provides a day by day chronology of major events leading up to, and during the Falklands War.
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