Operations Evaluation Group
Renewal of Navy's Riverine Capability: A Preliminary Examination of Past, Current, and Future Capabilities
The Navy, seeking to rejuvenate its ability to carry out riverine, or river-based, wartime operations with an aim of supporting those operations in Iraq by March 2007, asked the Center for Naval Analyses (CNA) to help define the "maritime domain" in which riverine operations take place as well as how the Navy's resources would be affected. Assessing operations in the context of maritime domain required the researchers to consider elements including terrorism, piracy, geography, and environmental factors.
The study, conducted by CNA's Operations Evaluation Group, examines the Navy's long history of riverine operations as well as the nature and complexity of those operations.
Analysis of major military and political themes during the Balkan Operations
This study dissects the major military and political themes of the 1990s. The Balkans provides a useful case study because of the multiplicity of operations and the opportunity to see how all of the operations interacted with each other.
Civil-Military Relations in the US: How Were the 1990s Different?
During the 1990s there was much debate about the state of U.S. civil-military relations. CNAC examined the topic using not only the wealth of literature on the subject, but also our first-hand operational information. By combining these sources we were able to take a unique look at the evolution of civil-military relations in the 1990s.
Domestic Weapons of Mass Destruction Training Requirements and Policy Recommendations for the Reserve Forces
CNAC studied and helped establish training needs, standards, and priorities for the Reserve forces to help them best respond to a weapons of mass destruction event. We provided the Reserve forces leadership with a framework for developing training requirements as well as a training baseline.
Do Crisis Response Operations Affect Political and Economic Stability
How does military intervention affect economic development? This study uses case studies and cross-country regression analysis to examine whether military crisis response operations actually affect overall levels of political and economic stability.
Proponents of US military operations abroad often argue that maintaining visibility around the world helps promote global stability. In turn, stability provides an environment conducive to increased economic growth and development by encouraging trade and investment. Our economic analysis sought to answer two questions:
- Do different regions of the world react in different ways to military crisis response operations?
- Do countries at different levels of economic development react in different ways to military crisis response operations?
We found several differences, depending on the length of the operation. Short operations have a positive effect on political stability for several months after completion of the operation, particularly in Africa and low-income countries, but they do not appear to affect economic stability. Longer operations can affect both political and economic stability over the long term, but the extent of the effect is unclear. This analysis provides quantitative evidence that crisis response operations do affect future political and economic stability.
Modeling the likelihood of succumbing to heat stress
Aircraft carrier flight deck operations, especially in warmer climates, expose personnel to radiant heat, jet exhaust, and, in some cases, extreme ambient temperatures. Extreme temperatures affect not only personnel safety, but operations as well. We developed a model to assess the likelihood of air craft carrier crew members succumbing to heat stress, determined actions to reduce the likelihood of heat stress, and identified commercially available cooling equipment that might be used on the flight deck to further reduce heat stress incidents.
Standards of Performance for Tactical Measures of Effectiveness
The military uses the Mission Essential Tasks (MET) system to help define and organize training and planning. CNAC assessed the use of the MET system as the Navy trains for more complex missions and operating environments.
Metrics for the Sea Trial Process
Sea Trial is the Navy's fleet innovation and experimentation process. As part of the larger strategy of transformation, CNAC reviewed past efforts and specifically focused on patterns and metrics observed during previous transformation efforts and how they might be applied to the Sea Trial process.
Complex Humanitarian Emergencies During the 1990s: How Did They Help To Define the Decade?
In the 1990s the United States employed its military in a variety of operations, both combat and operations other than war. CNAC looked at defining characteristics of humanitarian operations during the 1990s to anticipate the challenges and requirements for the current decade and beyond. The study focuses specifically on complex humanitarian emergency operations in Somalia, Bosnia and Kosovo.
Navy Role in Homeland Defense Against Asymmetric Threats
As part of the ongoing debates regarding the missions of the U.S. military in the post-Cold War and now the post-September 11 era, CNAC examined the role of the Navy in protecting the U.S. homeland, specifically against asymmetric threats.
Improving Chemical-Biological Defense for Domestic Navy Bases
Developing the capability to respond to chemical or biological attacks is an important part of an effective anti-terrorism and force protection strategy. CNAC studied how the Navy can improve chemical and biological defense at domestic installations.
Logistics Modernization
The study provides an executive assessment of the Marine Corps' Logistics Modernization (LM) efforts. LM represents a comprehensive approach to improving Marine Corps logistics and combat service support through a focus on process improvement.
What is an Expeditionary Strike Force?
The Navy and Marine Corps recently developed the expeditionary strike force concept (ESF). To understand the relationship between ESF and other department and service concepts, CNAC developed a "concept map" to simplify and organize information about the ESF and how it fits into overall DoD strategic objectives.
Impact of Encroachment on Marine Corps Training
CNAC examined the effects of encroachment on Marine Corps unit readiness. This began with Marine Corps training requirements and examines federal laws, conflicts about land use and regulations designed to protect natural resources, and their impact on training at major base complexes.
Political Risk Analysis for Range Planning
CNAC developed a political assessment tool to help the Navy analyze and understand the political forces at work with regard to training range expansion, development, and sustainment.
Following the decision to cease naval training on the island of Vieques, CNAC has worked with the Secretary of the Navy and Department of the Navy to identify new training needs, necessary range requirements, and other issues associated with developing new training options.
The Practice of Military Experimentation
This study is part of a broader effort to explore and discuss the role, practice, and art of military experimentation. It explores the differences between experimentation and exercises and how experimentation serves the military. It also provides a template for conducting experimentation.
Operations From the Sea Base Wargame: Summary Report
The Office of Naval Research and the Marine Corps Combat Development Command conducted a wargame to look at sea basing operations. CNAC collected, documented, and analyzed the game results within an operational and programmatic context.
Joint National Training Capability: Functional Area Training Resource Requirements
The Joint Forces Command conceived the Joint National Training Capability (JNTC) to tackle the difficulties associated with creating joint, integrated training. JNTC focuses on altering existing training and training facilities to achieve more joint training. The Office of the Secretary of Defense (Personnel and Readiness) asked CNAC to analyze and provide recommendations as to which functional areas should be the focus for the JNTC.
Future Naval Training Environments
With the loss of Vieques as a training range, the Secretary of the Navy asked The CNA Corporation to evaluate alternative methods for training naval forces and to evaluate long-term naval force training options toward ensuring that future naval forces are well prepared for real-world operations.
We approached this task by organizing (1) a senior study group composed of former Defense officials and retired, senior military officers to provide a policy and operational perspective to the training options, and (2) an analysis team to evaluate training requirements and alternatives.
We completed the following tasks:
- Examined the combat training environments of all military services
- Evaluated critical aspects of navy and marine training, including training methods for key warfare areas, and range support needs
- Predicted needs for future training environments, including the use of simulations in those environments
- Evaluated the key concepts that are part of combat training
- Identified for each naval warfare area the people (jobs) responsible for such decisions and the training they require
- Looked specifically at the implications of closing the Vieques range.
