Selected Studies
CNA Safety & Security Publications
This guide provides examples of outreach, explains successful social marketing practices (in the context of Smart Policing), and provides case studies of successful outreach efforts.
This paper discusses the critical need for a new paradigm in policing: one that incorporates aspects of existing policing concepts in a manner that recognizes the significant changes in the twenty-first century criminal environment, the economic and social realities facing law enforcement entities, and the availability of potentially powerful technology-driven, crime-fighting tools.
This paper reviews the history of police operations and discusses the next evolution in policing and public safety strategy. SMART policing uses technology, research, and analysis to support the strategic management of police activities. Many jurisdictions are already employing some SMART policing approaches, such as the use of new technologies for more efficient data collection and display, information sharing, and data analysis.
This CNA case-study discusses the reductions in crime, jail, and prison use in New York City, touching on significance, key features, consequences, and caution.
James “Chips” Stewart and Stephen Rickman provide insights of lessons to be learned for police departments in the United States from the civil disturbances in London, Manchester, and Birmingham.
CNA Senior Law Enforcement Fellow, James “Chips” Stewart, served as Chairman of an Independent Review Board to analyze a police shooting that occurred outside a Baltimore nightclub in January 2011. The incident resulted in the death of one plainclothes police officer and one civilian. In addition, three civilians and one uniformed officer were wounded in the incident. In support of the Board, CNA produced a timeline and incident reconstruction of the police response and shooting, as well as a series of briefs on Baltimore Police Department policies and procedures. The report makes recommendations to help prevent such a tragedy from occurring in the future.
Collaboration and partnership efforts are often incorporated into the Smart Policing Initiative (SPI). We include these aspects of crime prevention and crime control as core SPI components, and we often direct these efforts internally within our departments (“in-reach” as well as external outreach to justice system, government, and community stakeholders). We rarely, however, treat collaboration and partnership as a variable to measure and analyze.
This two-pager provides an overview of the Bureau of Justices Assistance SMART Policing Initiative. CNA assists 32 law enforcement departments and agencies nationwide in developing and implementing strategies, by providing training and technical assistance.
On June 29, 2010, at 2:15 a.m., the Tampa Police Department (TPD) suffered a tragic loss when two officers were shot and killed during a traffic stop. The suspect fled the scene on foot and evaded immediate arrest. The subsequent law enforcement response and multijurisdictional manhunt involved 22 law enforcement agencies and over 1,000 personnel during a 96-hour deployment that culminated in the arrest of the suspect. TPD established a multi-agency, Unified Command using the Incident Command System (ICS) to plan, coordinate, and manage the complex response, which included volunteers and donations from the community.
CNA conducted an objective, independent review of Tampa’s ICS operations to identify strengths and areas for improvement. Using event data, media reports, and interviews with personnel from the Tampa Police Department, the Hillsborough County Sheriff’s Office, the Florida Department of Law Enforcement, and other local and federal agencies, CNA identified lessons learned that have applicability for law enforcement professionals nationwide.
The Experts’ Roundtable on Catastrophe—Altered Landscapes of Catastrophes: Insights from the Great East Japan Earthquake
Recognizing the unique attributes of the Great East Japan Earthquake and its vast potential for valuable lessons learned, a select, small group of experts met to review the timeline of events in Japan, assess the immediate impacts of the earthquake and tsunami, explore the cascading impacts felt across Critical Infrastructure Sectors, and identify key lessons learned for catastrophe planning in the United States.
The primary purpose of this meeting was to frame a public-private conversation about catastrophes. In a facilitated, roundtable-discussion format, experts explored how and why there is something fundamentally different about catastrophes in contrast with emergencies or even major disasters. Our goal is to identify fundamental shifts in established perspectives and actions caused by a catastrophe and explore the creation of a “new normal.” View Report
Summary of Proceedings CNA SMART Justice Symposium March 10, 2010
Summary of the March 9, 2010 CNA-sponsored Public Policy symposium “SMART Justice.” SMART (Strategically Managed Analysis and Research-driven, Technology based) policing uses technology, research, and analysis to support the strategic management of police activities. Symposium attendees included officials from state and local law enforcement agencies and the Department of Justice. View Report
Independent Board of Inquiry into the Oakland Police Department Incident of March 21, 2009
A public report of findings and recommendations concerning the March 21, 2009 murder of four Oakland Place Department personnel by a recently paroled prisoner. Authored by CNA Senior Advisor James K. “Chips” Stewart. Published December 2009. View Report
Leveraging Exercise Programs in a New Fiscal Environment
Disasters can strike anytime, anywhere, with or without warning. Federal, State, local, tribal, and non-governmental agencies and organizations must be prepared to respond to natural and man-made emergencies of many different kinds including tornadoes, hurricanes, wildfires, explosions, earthquakes, floods, blizzards, pandemics, bio-security threats, and terrorist attacks. In the last decade, the preparedness of our nation to respond to these types of disasters has become a pressing concern.
Homeland security, emergency management, public health, agriculture, and other agencies and non-governmental organizations conduct and evaluate exercises to enhance preparedness. The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) helps guide and coordinate homeland security exercise programs across all levels of government. DHS provides a standardized capabilities-based methodology for exercise design and evaluation — the Homeland Security Exercise and Evaluation Program (HSEEP), administers the National Exercise Program (NEP) to coordinate exercise planning across all levels of government, and establishes systems and tools, such as the Lessons Learned and Information Sharing System (LLIS).View White Paper
Understanding and Advancing Cross-Sector Collaboration in Homeland Security and Emergency Management
Over the last decade, public and private leaders have begun to develop sustainable networked partnerships in support of regional preparedness and risk management. These partnerships, or Multi-Organizational and Networked Alliances (MANA), are bringing government agencies, private businesses, and non-profit research organizations together in an attempt to develop collaborative solutions to shared challenges. The increasing complexity and interconnectedness of modern society, business and governmental operations has created systemic vulnerabilities and interdependencies that transcend public, private, and civic sector boundaries. The limitations of traditional organizational models and cross-sector coordinating structures to confront these challenges have given rise to this new, joint problem-solving approach… View Report
Helping Shape the Public Agenda
In the fall of 2008 the Carnegie Corporation created "Advice to the President" — a non-partisan website featuring a selection of ideas and reports to help shape the agenda of the Obama administration. The following CNA reports and studies were included on the site:
- Homeland Security Partnerships and Collaboration
- Homeland Security Analytic Capabilities
- Mid-Atlantic Region Critical Infrastructure Protection
- A Social Infrastructure for Hometown Security
- Homeland Security Strategy Planning: Aligning Capabilities with Risks
- Multi-Organizational and Networked Alliances Executive Session Report
- Fusion Symposium: Issues and Challenges
- Department of Homeland Security Transition
- Creating a Performance-Based National Fusion Capability
- Regional Catastrophes Planning: A New Approach
- SMART Policing: A Proposed National Initiative
Multi-organizational and Networked Alliances Executive Session Report
On April 20, 2008, CNA, the Virginia Tech Disaster Risk Management Institute (Virginia Tech) and the Cooperative Leadership Institute (CLI) held an executive level discussion to further collective understanding of how collaborative, regional homeland security partnerships form among public, private, and academic organizations, the value they generate, and how they are sustained. This dialogue is part of a broader Multi-Organizational and Networked Alliances (MANA) initiative designed to facilitate and support the development and management of sustainable networks of public and private leaders in support of regional preparedness and risk management capabilities that will advance our nation's safety and security. The initiative’s goal is to provide executives and leaders with the knowledge and the analytical and collaborative tools they need to create and engage with such collaborative networks in support of information sharing, infrastructure protection, disaster management planning and operations, and other homeland security missions. This report presents key elements identified during this executive-level session as critical to the success of multi-agency and multi-jurisdictional collaborations, and summarizes the nature of the discussion. This report is intended to share the product of this discussion and to help identify areas for further research in this area.View Report
Analysis Planning for a Domestic Weapon-of-Mass-Destruction Exercise
This paper presents a general framework for weapons of mass destruction exercise design and exercise analysis. The framework covers exercise goals including, testing plans, and improving performance to help participating decision makers understand the immediate and longer term challenges and issues that can occur in the event of such a threat and helping hone their ability to respond to best protect the health and safety of people and communities.Full Document
Domestic Weapons of Mass Destruction Training Requirements and Policy Recommendations for the Reserve Forces
CNA studied and helped establish training needs, standards, and priorities for the military Reserve forces to help them best respond to a weapons of mass destruction event. We provided the Reserve forces leadership with a framework for developing training requirements as well as a training baseline.
North American Continental Coordination and Management of Livestock Disease Outbreaks
CNA analysts participated in a multi-national exercise focusing on a hypothetical outbreak of foot and mouth disease among livestock. Hosted by the Texas Animal Health Commission; the Secretariat of Agriculture, Livestock, Rural Development, Fisheries and Food of the United Mexican States; and the United States Department of Agriculture, the exercise was designed to strengthen coordination between the US, Mexico, and Canada. Our analysts observed and collected data from five exercise sites. In addition, CNA analysts designed and facilitated a simulation exercise for members of the North American Foot and Mouth Disease Vaccine Bank Technical Committee that was held in coordination with the exercise.
Preparing Senior Government Decision-Makers for Public Health Emergencies
CNA designed and conducted several games that focused on honing the public health response to a smallpox outbreak. The games were designed to emphasize the response decisions that would need to be made at the operational and strategic levels in the event of a smallpox event. Methods were developed to test senior-level decision-making regarding medical, scientific, and public policy issues.
An Assessment of Southwest Border Enforcement
The U.S. Border Patrol asked CNA analysts to develop a method to model trends in attempted illegal border crossings, develop a method to estimate the probability that an illegal entry will be apprehended by the Border Patrol, and assess the effect that Border Patrol activity has on the number of illegal entry attempts.
To assist in making such an assessment, analysts examined the historical relationship between the number of illegal crossing apprehensions, the level of effort by the Border Patrol, and economic and social conditions that affect the flow of illegal immigrants across the border between the United States and Mexico.
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